Ginsenoside Re

Ginsenoside Re is a natural compound found in Panax ginseng, possessing potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory bioactivities^[1]. Ginsenoside Re is commonly used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases (myocardial ischemia, arrhythmia), and is also extensively studied for neuroprotection in Alzheimer's/Parkinson's disease, improvement of metabolic function (diabetes), and promotion of bone regeneration^[2,3,4].

In vitro, pretreatment of primary dopaminergic midbrain neurons with Ginsenoside Re (1, 5, 10μM) for 2h, followed by exposure to CCl₄ (2.5mM) for 48h, significantly reduced CCl₄-induced loss of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH+) positive neurons and preserved neurite length and number^[5]. Pretreatment of PC12 cells with Ginsenoside Re (0.1-100μM) for 2h, followed by incubation in serum-free medium for 24-96h, markedly attenuated serum deprivation-induced cytotoxicity and enhanced cell viability^[6].

In vivo, administration of Ginsenoside Re (10mg/kg/day) via intraperitoneal injection to ob/ob mice for 12 days resulted in a 17.8% reduction in the area under the curve (AUC) for glucose during an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) and significantly improved glucose diposal^[7]. Intragastrically of Ginsenoside Re (15mg/kg) to mice for 7 consecutive days, followed by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 10mg/kg), significantly increased 24-hour survival rates and prolonged survival time^[8].

References:
[1] HUANG Y C, CHEN C T, CHEN S C, et al. A natural compound (ginsenoside Re) isolated from Panax ginseng as a novel angiogenic agent for tissue regeneration[J]. Pharmaceutical Research, 2005, 22(4): 636-646.
[2] KIM J H, YI Y S, KIM M Y, et al. Role of ginsenosides, the main active components of Panax ginseng, in inflammatory responses and diseases[J]. Journal of Ginseng Research, 2017, 41(4): 435-443.
[3] KIM J H. Pharmacological and medical applications of Panax ginseng and ginsenosides: a review for use in cardiovascular diseases[J]. Journal of Ginseng Research, 2018, 42(3): 264-269.
[4] WANG Y, ZHANG G, DENG L, et al. Ginsenoside Re promotes osteogenic differentiation via BMP2/p38 pathway in vivo and in vitro[J]. Journal of Ginseng Research, 2025.
[5] ZHANG X, WANG Y, MA C, et al. Ginsenoside Rd and ginsenoside Re offer neuroprotection in a novel model of Parkinson’s disease[J]. American Journal of Neurodegenerative Disease, 2016, 5(1): 52.
[6] JI Z N, DONG T T X, YE W C, et al. Ginsenoside Re attenuate β-amyloid and serum-free induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells[J]. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2006, 107(1): 48-52.
[7] XIE J T, MEHENDALE S R, LI X, et al. Anti-diabetic effect of ginsenoside Re in ob/ob mice[J]. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Molecular Basis of Disease, 2005, 1740(3): 319-325.
[8] CHEN R C, WANG J, YANG L, et al. Protective effects of ginsenoside Re on lipopolysaccharide-induced cardiac dysfunction in mice[J]. Food & Function, 2016, 7(5): 2278-2287.

Ginsenoside Re是一种存在于Panax ginseng，具有高效抗氧化和抗炎生物活性的天然化合物^[1]。Ginsenoside Re通常用于心血管疾病（心肌缺血、心律失常）的治疗，以及阿尔茨海默病/帕金森病神经保护、改善代谢功能（糖尿病）和促进骨骼再生的研究^[2,3,4]。

在体外，Ginsenoside Re（1, 5, 10μM）预处理原代中脑多巴胺能神经元2h，再加入CCl₄（2.5mM）处理48h，能显著减少CCl₄诱导的酪氨酸羟化酶（TH+）阳性神经元丢失，保护神经突长度和数量^[5]。Ginsenoside Re（0.1-100μM）预处理PC12细胞2h后，更换为无血清培养基继续培养24-96h，能显著减轻血清剥夺引起的细胞毒性，提高细胞存活率^[6]。

在体内，Ginsenoside Re（10mg/kg/day）通过腹腔注射处理ob/ob小鼠12天，在腹腔内葡萄糖耐量测试（IPGTT）中葡萄糖曲线下面积（AUC）较对照组降低17.8%，葡萄糖处理率显著提高^[7]。小鼠灌胃Ginsenoside Re（15mg/kg）连续7天，再腹腔注射10mg/kg脂多糖（LPS），能显著提高小鼠24h生存率，延长生存时间^[8]。