3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid (Protocatechuic acid)
(Synonyms: 原儿茶酸; 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid) 目录号 : GN10369
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3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid (Protocatechuic acid)是一种天然的多酚类化合物，存在于许多食用和药用植物中
Cas No.:99-50-3
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid (Protocatechuic acid) is a natural polyphenolic compound found in many edible and medicinal plants[1]. 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid exhibits significant antioxidant activity[2], neuroprotective effects[3], and anticancer properties[4].
In vitro, treatment of human HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells with 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid (100μM) for 4 days induced cell death through a mechanism dependent on c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)[5]. Treatment of human glioma cell lines U87 and U251 with 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid (2.5–10μM) for 24–48 hours significantly inhibited cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, and induced pyroptosis via a mechanism dependent on the NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD signaling axis[6].
In vivo, dietary supplementation with 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid (0.025–0.1%w/w) for 12 weeks in high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6J mice significantly ameliorated metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) by inhibiting the growth of Enterococcus faecalis in the gut and modulating insulin signaling pathways[7]. Intramuscular administration of 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid (100mg/kg/day) for 9 days in an isoproterenol (80mg/kg/day)-induced heart failure model using C57BL/6 mice significantly improved cardiac function and attenuated cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis[8].
References:
[1] Khan AK, Rashid R, Fatima N, et al. PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF PROTOCATECHUIC ACID. Acta Pol Pharm. 2015 Jul-Aug;72(4):643-50.
[2] Zhang X, Luo J, Bharati L, Hua Z, et al. Protocatechuic acid suppresses ferroptosis to protect against hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy by targeting the HIF-1α/VEGFA axis. Phytomedicine. 2025 Jul 25;143:156900.
[3] Krzysztoforska K, Mirowska-Guzel D, Widy-Tyszkiewicz E. Pharmacological effects of protocatechuic acid and its therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative diseases: Review on the basis of in vitro and in vivo studies in rodents and humans. Nutr Neurosci. 2019 Feb;22(2):72-82.
[4] Cadena-Iñiguez J, Santiago-Osorio E, Sánchez-Flores N, et al. The Cancer-Protective Potential of Protocatechuic Acid: A Narrative Review. Molecules. 2024 Mar 23;29(7):1439.
[5] Yip EC, Chan AS, Pang H, et al. Protocatechuic acid induces cell death in HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells through a c-Jun N-terminal kinase-dependent mechanism. Cell Biol Toxicol. 2006 Jul;22(4):293-302.
[6] Zhang W, Cai Y, Zheng H. Protective Role of Protocatechuic Acid in Glioma: Modulation of Cell Growth, Migration, and Pyroptosis via NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD Axis. Discov Med. 2025 Apr;37(195):659-668.
[7] Tan J, Hu R, Gong J, et al. Protection against Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease by Protocatechuic Acid. Gut Microbes. 2023 Jan-Dec;15(1):2238959.
[8] Bai L, Han X, Kee HJ, et al. Protocatechuic acid prevents isoproterenol-induced heart failure in mice by downregulating kynurenine-3-monooxygenase. J Cell Mol Med. 2023 Aug;27(16):2290-2307.
3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid (Protocatechuic acid)是一种天然的多酚类化合物，存在于许多食用和药用植物中[1]。3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid具有显著的抗氧化活性[2]、神经保护作用[3]、以及抗癌作用[4]。
在体外，3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid（100μM）处理人HepG2肝癌细胞4天，通过c-Jun N末端激酶（JNK）和p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）依赖性机制诱导细胞死亡[5]。3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid（2.5–10μM）处理人胶质瘤细胞系U87和U251 24–48小时，通过NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD信号轴依赖性机制显著抑制细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移能力，并诱导细胞焦亡[6]。
在体内，3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid（0.025–0.1%w/w；膳食补充）干预高脂饮食喂养的C57BL/6J小鼠12周，通过抑制肠道粪肠球菌生长和调节胰岛素信号通路显著改善代谢相关脂肪肝病（MAFLD）[7]。3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid（100mg/kg/day）通过肌肉注射处理经异丙肾上腺素（80mg/kg/day）诱导的心力衰竭C57BL/6小鼠模型9天，显著改善心脏功能并减轻心肌肥厚和纤维化[8]。
| Cell experiment [1]: | |
Cell lines | U87 and U251 cells (human glioma cell lines) |
Preparation Method | Cells were maintained in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1% penicillin-streptomycin at 37°C, 5% CO₂. Cells were treated with 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid at concentrations of 2.5–10μM for 24–48 hours. |
Reaction Conditions | 2.5-10μM; 24–48 hours |
Applications | 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid significantly suppressed cell viability, invasion, and migration in a dose-dependent manner. 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid induced pyroptosis by upregulating NLRP3, caspase-1, and GSDMD expression, leading to increased GSDMD positivity. |
| Animal experiment [2]: | |
Animal models | C57BL/6NTac mice |
Preparation Method | Mice were implanted with osmotic minipumps to continuously infuse Isoproterenol (80mg/kg) for 14 days to induce heart failure. 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid (100mg/kg) was administered via daily intramuscular injections from day 6 to day 14 of isoproterenol infusion. |
Dosage form | 100mg/kg; i.m. |
Applications | 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid significantly attenuated isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy, as evidenced by reduced heart-weight-to-body-weight ratio, decreased cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area, and downregulated expression of hypertrophy markers. 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid improved cardiac function by increasing ejection fraction and fractional shortening, and reduced pulmonary edema. |
References: | |
| Cas No. | 99-50-3 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 原儿茶酸; 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid | ||
| 化学名 | 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid | ||
| Canonical SMILES | C1=CC(=C(C=C1C(=O)O)O)O | ||
| 分子式 | C7H6O4 | 分子量 | 154.03 |
| 溶解度 | ≥ 4.9mg/mL in DMSO | 储存条件 | -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 6.4922 mL | 32.4612 mL | 64.9224 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.2984 mL | 6.4922 mL | 12.9845 mL |
| 10 mM | 649.2 μL | 3.2461 mL | 6.4922 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Quality Control & SDS
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- Purity: >99.50% Appearance: A solid
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