Lactonic sophorolipid is made up of a sophorose moiety attached to a long chain of hydroxyl fatty acid, with cytotoxic effects and surface-active properties[1]. Lactonic sophorolipid exerts bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects by disrupting the cell wall, increasing the permeability of the cell membrane, and causing the efflux of intracellular substances[2]. Lactonic sophorolipid has been widely used to inhibit oral pathogens both in planktonic and oral biofilm states[3].
In vitro, Lactonic sophorolipid treatment for 24 hours significantly inhibited the viability of HepG2 cells, with an IC50 value of 25μg/ml[4]. Lactonic sophorolipid treatment at 6mg/ml for 4 hours significantly hindered the synthesis of the cell wall of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, resulting in a decrease in the ATP content of the bacteria and inhibition of bacterial growth[5].
In vivo, Lactonic sophorolipid treatment via oral administration at a dose of 50mg/kg (every other day for 70 days) significantly increased the number and size of intestinal polyps in Apcmin+/- mice[6].
References:
[1] Van Bogaert I N A, Saerens K, De Muynck C, et al. Microbial production and application of sophorolipids[J]. Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 2007, 76(1): 23-34.
[2] Cho W Y, Ng J F, Yap W H, et al. Sophorolipids—bio-based antimicrobial formulating agents for applications in food and health[J]. Molecules, 2022, 27(17): 5556.
[3] Elshikh M, Moya‐Ramírez I, Moens H, et al. Rhamnolipids and lactonic sophorolipids: natural antimicrobial surfactants for oral hygiene[J]. Journal of applied microbiology, 2017, 123(5): 1111-1123.
[4] Wang X, Xu N, Li Q, et al. Lactonic sophorolipid–induced apoptosis in human HepG2 cells through the Caspase-3 pathway[J]. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2021, 105(5): 2033-2042.
[5] Ma X, Wang T, Zhang H, et al. Comparison of inhibitory effects and mechanisms of lactonic sophorolipid on different pathogenic bacteria[J]. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2022, 13: 929932.
[6] Callaghan B, Lydon H, Roelants S L K W, et al. Lactonic sophorolipids increase tumor burden in Apcmin+/-mice[J]. PloS one, 2016, 11(6): e0156845.
Lactonic sophorolipid由槐糖基与长链羟基脂肪酸通过内酯键构成，兼具细胞毒性效应和表面活性特性[1]。Lactonic sophorolipid通过破坏细胞壁、增加细胞膜通透性及引发胞内物质外流，发挥抑菌和杀菌作用[2]。Lactonic sophorolipid已广泛应用于抑制浮游状态和口腔生物膜状态下的口腔致病菌生长[3]。
在体外，Lactonic sophorolipid处理24小时可显著抑制HepG2细胞活力，IC50值为25μg/ml[4]。使用6mg/ml的Lactonic sophorolipid处理铜绿假单胞菌4小时，能显著阻碍细胞壁合成，导致细菌ATP含量下降并抑制细菌生长[5]。
在体内，隔日口服50mg/kg剂量的Lactonic sophorolipid连续70天，可显著增加Apcmin+/-小鼠肠道息肉的数量和大小[6]。