Indole-3-carboxaldehyde is an indole compound derived from Isatis indigotica. Indole-3-carboxaldehyde acts as an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist. Indole-3-carboxaldehyde enhances intestinal epithelial barrier function and exhibits anti-inflammatory activity. Indole-3-carboxaldehyde can be used in research related to intestinal protection mechanisms, inflammation regulation, and antibacterial effects[1-4].
In vitro, THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells were treated with Indole-3-carboxaldehyde (50μM) for 24 hours. Indole-3-carboxaldehyde significantly upregulated the expression of miR-1271-5p, ABCA1, and ABCG1, downregulated HDAC9 expression, inhibited lipid accumulation, and alleviated inflammatory response[5]. RAW264.7 cells infected with RSV were treated with Indole-3-carboxaldehyde (10-50μM) for 24 hours. By downregulating TLR7 expression and inhibiting the activation of the TLR7-MyD88-dependent NF-κB signaling pathway, Indole-3-carboxaldehyde suppressed RSV-induced excessive secretion of IFN-α, while also reducing the expression of pro-inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6[6].
In vivo, 8-week-old C57BL/6J mice were orally administered Indole-3-carboxaldehyde (50-200mg/kg) daily for three consecutive days, followed by intraperitoneal injection of acetaminophen (300mg/kg). Indole-3-carboxaldehyde significantly alleviated acetaminophen-induced liver injury[7]. C57BL/6 mice were administered Indole-3-carboxaldehyde (10-40mg/kg) by oral gavage for three consecutive days, followed by intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin (20mg/kg). Indole-3-carboxaldehyde significantly prevented cisplatin-induced body weight loss and reduced the increase in kidney coefficient[8].
References:
[1] Stutz RE. Enzymatic Formation of Indole-3-Carboxaldehyde from Indole-3-Acetic Acid. Plant Physiol. 1958 May;33(3):207-12.
[2] Lu Y, Yang W, Qi Z, et al. Gut microbe-derived metabolite indole-3-carboxaldehyde alleviates atherosclerosis. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2023 Oct 4;8(1):378.
[3] Cheng L, Wu H, Cai X, et al. A Gpr35-tuned gut microbe-brain metabolic axis regulates depressive-like behavior. Cell Host Microbe. 2024 Feb 14;32(2):227-243.e6.
[4] Cao J, Bao Q, Hao H. Indole-3-Carboxaldehyde Alleviates LPS-Induced Intestinal Inflammation by Inhibiting ROS Production and NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation. Antioxidants (Basel). 2024 Sep 13;13(9):1107.
[5] Luo W, Meng J, Yu XH, et al. Indole-3-Carboxaldehyde Inhibits Inflammatory Response and Lipid Accumulation in Macrophages Through the miR-1271-5p/HDAC9 Pathway. J Cell Mol Med. 2024 Dec;28(24):e70263.
[6] Hou X, Zhang X, Bi J, et al. Indole-3-carboxaldehyde regulates RSV-induced inflammatory response in RAW264.7 cells by moderate inhibition of the TLR7 signaling pathway. J Nat Med. 2021 Jun;75(3):602-611.
[7] Liu X, Liu R, Wang Y. Indole-3-carboxaldehyde alleviates acetaminophen-induced liver injury via inhibition of oxidative stress and apoptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2024 May 28;710:149880.
[8] Yuan P, Feng A, Wei Y, et al. Indole-3-carboxaldehyde alleviates cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury in mice by improving mitochondrial dysfunction via PKA activation. Food Chem Toxicol. 2024 Apr;186:114546.
Indole-3-carboxaldehyde是一种来自于板蓝根的吲哚类化合物。Indole-3-carboxaldehyde是芳烃受体（AhR）的激动剂。Indole-3-carboxaldehyde能够增强肠道上皮屏障功能和抗炎活性。Indole-3-carboxaldehyde可用于肠道保护机制、炎症调控和抗菌的相关研究[1-4]。
在体外，Indole-3-carboxaldehyde（50μM）处理THP-1巨噬细胞来源的泡沫细胞24小时。Indole-3-carboxaldehyde显著上调miR-1271-5p、ABCA1和ABCG1表达，下调HDAC9表达，抑制脂质积累，并减轻炎症反应[5]。Indole-3-carboxaldehyde（10-50μM）处理RSV感染的RAW264.7细胞24小时。Indole-3-carboxaldehyde通过下调TLR7表达和抑制TLR7-MyD88依赖的NF-κB信号通路激活，抑制RSV诱导的IFN-α过度分泌，同时降低TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6等促炎因子的表达[6]。
在体内，Indole-3-carboxaldehyde（50-200mg/kg）每天口服给药连续三天，用于处理8周龄C57BL/6J小鼠，随后给予乙酰氨基酚（300mg/kg）腹腔注射。Indole-3-carboxaldehyde显著减轻了乙酰氨基酚诱导的肝损伤[7]。Indole-3-carboxaldehyde（10-40mg/kg）连续三天灌胃给药于C57BL/6小鼠，随后给予顺铂（20mg/kg）腹腔注射。Indole-3-carboxaldehyde显著防止了顺铂导致的体重减轻和肾脏系数增加[8]。