Gold(III) chloride trihydrate

Gold(III) chloride trihydrate is a chemical catalyst used in the chemical synthesis of gold nanoparticles (NPs), which have widespread applications in fields such as medicine (targeted drug delivery and imaging), electronics (conductive inks and sensors), and optics (surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy)^{[1, 2]}. Also known as chloroauric acid or gold chloride, Gold(III) chloride trihydrate exists as orange crystals or crystalline lumps with the chemical formula HAuCl₄·3H₂O^[3]. Gold(III) chloride trihydrate is also used in surface chemistry research, particularly for modifying surfaces in specific applications such as biosensors and fuel cells^{[4, 5]}.

References:
[1] Patil T, Gambhir R, Vibhute A, et al. Gold nanoparticles: synthesis methods, functionalization and biological applications[J]. Journal of Cluster Science, 2023, 34(2): 705-725.
[2] Gul M, Kashif M, Muhammad S, et al. Various Methods of Synthesis and Applications of Gold-Based Nanomaterials: A Detailed Review[J]. Crystal Growth & Design, 2025, 25(7): 2227-2266.
[3] Islam Z A, Mondal S, Islam M I. Applications, synthesis and characterization of gold nano particles[D]. BRAC Univeristy, 2017.
[4] Khalil I, Julkapli N M, Yehye W A, et al. Graphene–gold nanoparticles hybrid—synthesis, functionalization, and application in a electrochemical and surface-enhanced raman scattering biosensor[J]. Materials, 2016, 9(6): 406.
[5] Yaseen M, Humayun M, Khan A, et al. Preparation, functionalization, modification, and applications of nanostructured gold: a critical review[J]. Energies, 2021, 14(5): 1278.

Gold(III) chloride trihydrate是一种化学催化剂，能够用于化学合成金纳米颗粒（NP），这些纳米颗粒在医学（靶向药物递送和成像）、电子学（导电墨水和传感器）以及光学（表面增强拉曼光谱）等领域有广泛应用^{[1, 2]}。Gold(III) chloride trihydrate也称为氯金酸或金氯化物，具有橙色晶体或晶体块，化学式为HAuCl₄·3H₂O^[3]。Gold(III) chloride trihydrate也被用于表面化学研究，特别是在特定应用中修饰表面，如生物传感器和燃料电池^{[4, 5]}。