TC-G-1008 (GPR39-C3) is a potent and orally available GPR39 agonist with EC50 values of 0.4 and 0.8 nM for rat and human receptors respectively.
TC-G-1008 shows selectivity over a panel of kinases (IC50s>10 uM) and does not exhibit relevant binding affinity for the related ghrelin and neurotensin-1 receptors (IC50s>30 uM)[1]. In HEK293-GPR39 cells, GPR39-C3, which is a positive allosteric modulator, activates cAMP production (downstream of Gs), IP1 accumulation (downstream of Gq), SRF-RE-dependent transcription (downstream of G12/13), and β-arrestin recruitment. GPR39-C3 induces dose- and time-dependent loss of response in cAMP production by second challenge of the compound[2].
Rat and mouse plasma protein binding for TC-G-1008 is measured as 99.3% and 99.1%, respectively. TC-G-1008 is orally bioavailable in mice and robustly induces acute GLP-1 levels. Upon single oral doses of 10, 30, and 100 mg/kg of aqueous suspensions in 0.5% methylcellulose/0.1% Tween 80, TC-G-1008 achieves, between 1 and 1.5 h, maximal exposures of 1.4, 6.1, and 25.3 uM, respectively[1].
References:
[1]. Peukert S, et al. Discovery of 2-Pyridylpyrimidines as the First Orally Bioavailable GPR39 Agonists. ACS Med Chem Lett. 2014 Aug 4;5(10):1114-8.
[2]. Shimizu Y, et al. Rho kinase-dependent desensitization of GPR39; a unique mechanism of GPCR downregulation. Biochem Pharmacol. 2017 Sep 15;140:105-114.