Purvalanol A is a potent and selective inhibitor of CDK with IC50 values of 4, 35, 70, 75 and 850 nM for cdc2-cyclin B, cdk2-cyclin E, cdk2-cyclin A, cdk5-p35 and cdk4-cyclin D1, respectively [1].
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are a family of protein kinases and play an important role in regulating the cell cycle. They are also involved in regulating transcription, mRNA processing, and the differentiation of nerve cells.
In MKN45 cells, purvalanol A (30 μM) reduced the expression of antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2, Bcl-XL and survivin and induced apoptosis. Also, purvalanol A inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT3 by Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and the expression and phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II, which was involved in transcriptional regulation [2]. In MCF-7 ER(+) cells, purvalanol A induced apoptosis in a caspase-dependent way and increased the levels of spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT) and polyamine oxidase (PAO) [3].
In the dentate gyrus (DG) of the rat hippocampus, purvalanol A (40 nmol/3 μl) significantly induced the number of BrdU-positive cells in a time- and concentration-dependent way [4].
References:
[1]. Gray NS, Wodicka L, Thunnissen AM, et al. Exploiting chemical libraries, structure, and genomics in the search for kinase inhibitors. Science, 1998, 281(5376): 533-538.
[2]. Iizuka D, Ogura A, Kuwabara M, et al. Purvalanol A induces apoptosis and downregulation of antiapoptotic proteins through abrogation of phosphorylation of JAK2/STAT3 and RNA polymerase II. Anticancer Drugs, 2008, 19(6): 565-572.
[3]. Obakan P, Ar?san ED, ?zfiliz P, et al. Purvalanol A is a strong apoptotic inducer via activating polyamine catabolic pathway in MCF-7 estrogen receptor positive breast cancer cells. Mol Biol Rep, 2014, 41(1): 145-154.
[4]. Ma?kowiak M, Kolasiewicz W, Markowicz-Kula K, et al. Purvalanol A, inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases attenuates proliferation of cells in the dentate gyrus of the adult rat hippocampus. Pharmacol Rep, 2005, 57(6): 845-849.