Pentosan Polysulfate

Cell experiment:

MT-4 and HUT-78 cells are cultured in microtray wells in the presence of pentosan polysulfate (0-2500 μg/mL) added immediately after infection with 100 CCIDs0 of HIV-1 (CCIDs0 being the 50% cell culture infective dose). After 5 days incubation at 37°C, the number of viable ceils is determined by the 3'-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method[1].

Animal experiment:

Mice with stable hyperglycemia at 18 months of age are selected for the study. Eighteen-month-old diabetic mice are randomly divided into pentosan polysulfate-treated (25 mg/kg/day in the drinking water) and control groups. Diabetic mice are followed for 4 months without insulin treatment. Mouse is housed individually and water intake is recorded every other day. Body weight and blood glucose levels are monitored weekly. Additionally, urine ketones are examined. Urine albumin excretion is measured bi-weekly[2].One-month-old MPS VI rats are given once weekly sc injections of Pentosan Polysulfate (1, 2 and 4 mg/kg, human equivalent dose (HED)), or daily oral Pentosan Polysulfate (4 mg/kg HED) for 6 months. Serum inflammatory markers and total glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are measured, as are several histological, morphological and functional endpoints[3].

References:

[1]. Schuchman EH, et al. Pentosan polysulfate: a novel therapy for the mucopolysaccharidoses. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e54459.
[2]. Baba M, et al. Pentosan polysulfate, a sulfated oligosaccharide, is a potent and selective anti-HIV agent in vitro. Antiviral Res. 1988 Sep;9(6):335-43.
[3]. Wu J, et al. Inhibition of inflammation by pentosan polysulfate impedes the development and progression of severe diabetic nephropathy in aging C57B6 mice. Lab Invest. 2011 Oct;91(10):1459-71.