Tretinoin (Aberela)

Tretinoin (Aberela) is a vitamin A-derived, non-peptidic, small lipophilic molecule that acts as ligand for nuclear RA receptors (RARs), converting them from transcriptional repressors to activators^[5].

In cultured human mesangial cells, Tretinoin (Aberela) increased the reduced glutathione content and the catalase activity in a dose- and time-dependent way, which then prevented the cytotoxicity of H2O2 ^[1].A549 cells were incubated with free Tretinoin (Aberela) (TTN), blank nanocapsules (LNC) and Tretinoin (Aberela) -loaded lipid-core nanocapsules (TTN-LNC). TTN-LNC induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G1-phase while TTN did not. TTN-LNC showed higher cytotoxic effects than TTN on A549 cells evaluated^[4].The combination of As-ODN-hTR and All-trans Tretinoin (Aberela) has a synergistic anti-tumor effect. This anti-tumor effect can be mainly attributed to apoptosis induced by a decrease in telomerase activity. Bcl-2 plays an important role in this process ^[7].

In male nmri mice, Tretinoin (Aberela) significantly inhibited cellular immunity and increased humoral immunity. Tretinoin (Aberela) decreased lymphocyte proliferation, decreased NBT, and interleukin-17 secretion, but increased interleukin-10 secretion ^[2]. In patients with facial acne, clindamycin phosphate Tretinoin (Aberela) Gel (CTG) (1.2% clindamycin phosphate, 0.025% Tretinoin (Aberela) in a gel base (Velac)) was significantly more effective than 0.025% Tretinoin (Aberela), which relayed on the anti-inflammatory efficacy of Tretinoin (Aberela) ^[3].The delivery of Tretinoin (Aberela) by polymeric micelles prolonged the blood circulation and enhanced the accumulation of Tretinoin (Aberela) in the tumor tissue compared with the administration of free Tretinoin (Aberela). Tumor growth was significantly delayed and the survival time of mice was prolonged following the treatment by Tretinoin (Aberela) polymeric micelles demonstrating the improved anticancer activity of Tretinoin (Aberela) ^[6].

References:
[1]: Manzano VM, Puyol MR, et,al. Tretinoin prevents age-related renal changes and stimulates antioxidant defenses in cultured renal mesangial cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 Apr;289(1):123-32. PMID: 10086995.
[2]: Froushani SM, Galeh HE. New insight into the immunomodulatory mechanisms of Tretinoin in NMRI mice. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2014 Sep;17(9):632-7. PMID: 25691937; PMCID: PMC4322144.
[3]: Richter JR, F?rstr?m LR, et,al. Efficacy of the fixed 1.2% clindamycin phosphate, 0.025% tretinoin gel formulation (Velac) and a proprietary 0.025% tretinoin gel formulation (Aberela) in the topical control of facial acne. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 1998 Nov;11(3):227-33. PMID: 9883434.
[4]: Schultze E, Ourique A, et,al. Encapsulation in lipid-core nanocapsules overcomes lung cancer cell resistance to tretinoin. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2014 May;87(1):55-63. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.02.003. Epub 2014 Feb 11. PMID: 24525073.
[5]: Rhinn M, Dollé P. Retinoic acid signalling during development. Development. 2012 Mar;139(5):843-58. doi: 10.1242/dev.065938. PMID: 22318625.
[6]: Chansri N, Kawakami S, et,al. Anti-tumor effect of all-trans retinoic acid loaded polymeric micelles in solid tumor bearing mice. Pharm Res. 2008 Feb;25(2):428-34. doi: 10.1007/s11095-007-9398-x. Epub 2007 Jul 31. PMID: 17665288.
[7]: Xu Q, Zhang Z, et,al. Antisense oligonucleotides and all-trans retinoic acid have a synergistic anti-tumor effect on oral squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer. 2008 Jun 3;8:159. doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-8-159. PMID: 18522733; PMCID: PMC2427037.

Tretinoin (Aberela) 是一种维生素 A 衍生的非肽类亲脂性小分子,可作为核 RA 受体 (RAR) 的配体,将其从转录抑制因子转化为激活因子^[5] .

在培养的人系膜细胞中,维甲酸 (Aberela) 以剂量和时间依赖性方式增加还原型谷胱甘肽含量和过氧化氢酶活性,从而阻止 H2O2 的细胞毒性^[1]。 A549 细胞与游离维甲酸 (Aberela) (TTN)、空白纳米胶囊 (LNC) 和载有维甲酸 (Aberela) 的脂质核心纳米胶囊 (TTN-LNC) 一起孵育。 TTN-LNC 在 G1 期诱导细胞凋亡和细胞周期停滞,而 TTN 则没有。 TTN-LNC 对评估的 A549 细胞表现出比 TTN 更高的细胞毒性作用^[4]。As-ODN-hTR 和全反式维甲酸 (Aberela) 的组合具有协同抗肿瘤作用。这种抗肿瘤作用主要归因于端粒酶活性降低诱导的细胞凋亡。 Bcl-2在这个过程中起着重要作用^[7]。

在雄性 nmri 小鼠中,维甲酸 (Aberela) 显着抑制细胞免疫并增加体液免疫。维甲酸 (Aberela) 减少淋巴细胞增殖,减少 NBT 和白细胞介素 17 的分泌,但增加白细胞介素 10 的分泌^[2]。在面部痤疮患者中,克林霉素磷酸酯维甲酸 (Aberela) 凝胶 (CTG)（1.2% 克林霉素磷酸酯、0.025% 维甲酸 (Aberela) 在凝胶基质 (Velac) 中）比 0.025% 维甲酸 (Aberela) 更有效,继发维甲酸 (Aberela) 抗炎作用的影响^[3]。相比之下,聚合物胶束递送维甲酸 (Aberela) 可延长血液循环并增强维甲酸 (Aberela) 在肿瘤组织中的积累服用游离维甲酸 (Aberela)。维甲酸（Aberela）聚合物胶束处理后小鼠肿瘤生长显着延迟,存活时间延长,证明维甲酸（Aberela）抗癌活性得到改善^[6]。