Patulin is a toxic polyphenolic lactolactone [1]. Patulin reacts with protein sulfhydryl groups, triggering cellular oxidative stress and p53-mediated DNA damage, which damages the intestinal epithelial barrier [2]. Patulin has teratogenic, genotoxic, and neurotoxic properties [3-4].
In HL-60 cells, after Patulin (0-10μM; 6h) significantly decreased cell viability [5]. In HepG2 cells, Patulin (0.5-2μM; 24h) induces autophagy in cells via the ROS-Akt1-MTOR pathway [6].
In CF-1 mice, Patulin (1.0-3.75mg/kg; ip; single injection) induced DNA strand breaks, decreased GSH levels, and increased lipid peroxidation in the brain, liver, and kidney [7]. In B16F10 cell xenograft mouse model, Patulin (5-50μg/kg; ip; 20d) significantly induced tumor regression [8].
References:
[1]. Puel O, Galtier P, Oswald I P. Biosynthesis and toxicological effects of patulin[J]. Toxins, 2010, 2(4): 613-631.
[2]. Saxena N, Ansari K M, Kumar R, et al. Patulin causes DNA damage leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through modulation of Bax, p53 and p21/WAF1 proteins in skin of mice[J]. Toxicology and applied pharmacology, 2009, 234(2): 192-201.
[3]. Glaser N, Stopper H. Patulin: Mechanism of genotoxicity[J]. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2012, 50(5): 1796-1801.
[4]. Lei W L, Li Y Y, Hou Y, et al. Toxic effects of patulin on mouse oocytes and its possible mechanisms[J]. Toxicology, 2021, 464: 153013.
[5]. Wu T S, Liao Y C, Yu F Y, et al. Mechanism of patulin-induced apoptosis in human leukemia cells (HL-60)[J]. Toxicology letters, 2008, 183(1-3): 105-111.
[6]. Yang G, Bai Y, Wu X, et al. Patulin induced ROS-dependent autophagic cell death in Human Hepatoma G2 cells[J]. Chemico-Biological Interactions, 2018, 288: 24-31.
[7]. de Melo F T, de Oliveira I M, Greggio S, et al. DNA damage in organs of mice treated acutely with patulin, a known mycotoxin[J]. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2012, 50(10): 3548-3555.
[8]. Boussabbeh M, Ben Salem I, Rjiba-Touati K, et al. The potential effect of patulin on mice bearing melanoma cells: an anti-tumour or carcinogenic effect?[J]. Tumor Biology, 2016, 37(5): 6285-6295.
Patulin是一种有毒的多酚类乳内酯 [1]。Patulin可与蛋白质巯基发生反应，引发细胞氧化应激和p53介导的DNA损伤，从而破坏肠道上皮屏障 [2]。Patulin具有致畸、遗传毒性和神经毒性 [3-4]。
在HL-60细胞中，Patulin（0-10μM；6h）治疗后细胞活力显著下降 [5]。在HepG2细胞中，Patulin（0.5-2μM；24h）通过ROS-Akt1-MTOR通路诱导细胞自噬 [6]。
在CF-1小鼠中，Patulin（1.0-3.75mg/kg；ip；单次注射）诱导DNA链断裂，降低谷胱甘肽（GSH）水平，并增加脑、肝和肾中的脂质过氧化 [7]。在B16F10细胞异种移植小鼠模型中，Patulin（5-50μg/kg；ip；20d）显著诱导肿瘤消退 [8]。