Nicotinamide riboside, a form of vitamin B3 and NAD+ precursor, is converted to bioavailable NAD+, via nicotinamide riboside kinase (NRK) and NMNAT, or by the action of nucleoside phosphorylase and NAM salvage[1-2].
In in vitro experiments ,nicotinamide riboside attenuates alcohol induced liver injuries via activation of SirT1/PGC-1α/mitochondrial biosynthesis pathway [3]. Nicotinamide Riboside Enhances In Vitro Beta-adrenergic Brown Adipose Tissue Activity in Humans[4].
Nicotinamide Riboside was able to enhance the skeletal muscle NAD+ metabolome, inducing gene expression signatures implicated in downregulation of energy metabolism pathways, but did not affect muscle mitochondrial bioenergetics or metabolism[5]. Nicotinamide Riboside enhances deacetylase activity in vivo, deacetylates PGC-1α in muscle, liver, and BAT, and it induces deacetylase activity in tissues where NAD+ accumulates[6].
References:
[1] Bieganowski P., Brenner C. Discoveries of nicotinamide riboside as a nutrient and conserved NRK genes establish a Preiss-Handler independent route to NAD+ in fungi and humans. Cell.2004;117:495–502.
[2] Nikiforov A., Dolle C., Niere M. Pathways and subcellular compartmentation of NAD biosynthesis in human cells: from entry of extracellular precursors to mitochondrial NAD generation. J. Biol. Chem. 2011;286:21767–21778.
[3] Wang S, Wan T, et al. Nicotinamide riboside attenuates alcohol induced liver injuries via activation of SirT1/PGC-1α/mitochondrial biosynthesis pathway. Redox Biol. 2018 Jul;17:89-98.
[4] Nascimento EBM, Moonen MPB, et al. Nicotinamide Riboside Enhances In Vitro Beta-adrenergic Brown Adipose Tissue Activity in Humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021 Apr 23;106(5):1437-1447.
[5] Elhassan YS, Kluckova K, et al. Nicotinamide Riboside Augments the Aged Human Skeletal Muscle NAD+ Metabolome and Induces Transcriptomic and Anti-inflammatory Signatures. Cell Rep. 2019 Aug 13;28(7):1717-1728.e6.
[6] Cantó C, Houtkooper RH,et al. The NAD(+) precursor nicotinamide riboside enhances oxidative metabolism and protects against high-fat diet-induced obesity. Cell Metab. 2012 Jun 6;15(6):838-47.
烟酰胺核苷是维生素 B3 和 NAD+ 前体的一种形式,通过烟酰胺核苷激酶 (NRK) 和 NMNAT,或通过核苷磷酸化酶和 NAM 补救作用,转化为生物可利用的 NAD+[1-2].
在体外实验中,烟酰胺核苷通过激活 SirT1/PGC-1α/线粒体生物合成途径减轻酒精引起的肝损伤[3]。烟酰胺核苷增强人体体外 β-肾上腺素能棕色脂肪组织活性[4]。
烟酰胺核苷能够增强骨骼肌 NAD+ 代谢组,诱导与能量代谢途径下调有关的基因表达特征,但不影响肌肉线粒体生物能量学或代谢[5]。烟酰胺核苷在体内增强脱乙酰酶活性,使肌肉、肝脏和BAT中的PGC-1α脱乙酰化,并在NAD+积累的组织中诱导脱乙酰酶活性[6]。
















