Indeglitazar is an orally available peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) pan-agonist for all three PPAR subtypes alpha (α), delta (δ) and gamma (γ).
In an assay of preadipocyte differentiation, measuring in part functional insulin sensitization capability of the cells, Indeglitazar shows an EC50 of 0.32 μM compared with Rosiglitazone, which shows an EC50 of 13 nM, although the maximal response obtained from the 2 compounds is comparable[1].
An initial assessment of in vivo activity is carried out using the Zucker rat model of diabetes. The significant lowering of glucose, HbA1C, triglycerides, and total cholesterol are observed after i.v. treatment with 10 mg/kg Indeglitazar once per day for 3 weeks. Notably, the level of Adiponectin (on day 21) is essentially unchanged in treated vs. untreated animals (4.8 mcg/mL vs. 4.9 mcg/mL), thus the observed reductions in glucose and HbA1C are achieved in an adiponectin-independent fashion. These differences in the effects of Indeglitazar in vivo may be a consequence of synergy between the 3 PPAR activities or because of the SPPARM profile of the compound, or a combination of these factors. The oral activity of Indeglitazar is assessed in the ob/ob model of diabetes and insulin resistance. Indeglitazar significantly decreases glucose, insulin, triglycerides, and free fatty acid levels[1].
[1]. Artis DR, et al. Scaffold-based discovery of Indeglitazar, a PPAR pan-active anti-diabetic agent. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Jan 6;106(1):262-7.