Euphorbiasteroid is a tricyclic diterpene that has been found in the plant E. lathyris.1 It inhibits early-stage adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells, decreasing intracellular triglyceride accumulation when used at concentrations of 25 and 50 ?M.2 It decreases the expression of Fas, C/EBPα, PPARγ, and SREBP-1c and increases phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) in 3T3-L1 cells. Euphorbiasteroid inhibits proliferation of HL-60 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, as well as induces apoptosis and increases the expression of Fas and Fas ligand (FasL) and the activity of caspase-3 and caspase-8 in HL-60 cells.3 It increases P-glycoprotein activity, reverses multi-drug resistance, and restores cytotoxicity of the anticancer agents vinblastine , paclitaxel , and doxorubicin to MES-SA/Dx5 sarcoma cells.4
1.Adolf, W., Hecker, E., Balmain, A., et al.“Euphorbiasteroid” (epoxy-lathyrol). A new tricyclic diterpene from Euphorbia lathyris L.Tetrahedron Lett.11(26)2241-2244(1970) 2.Park, S.-J., Park, J.H., Han, A., et al.Euphorbiasteroid, a component of Euphorbia lathyris L., inhibits adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells via activation of AMP-activated protein kinaseCell Biochem. Funct.33(4)220-225(2015) 3.Guo, F., Li, X., Zhang, C., et al.Roles and mechanisms of Fas/FasL in the apoptosis of HL-60 cells induced by euphorbiasteroidJ. Int. Oncology41(9)679-684(2014) 4.Choi, J.S., Kang, N.S., Min, Y.K., et al.Euphorbiasteroid reverses P-glycoprotein-mediated multi-drug resistance in human sarcoma cell line MES-SA/Dx5Phytother. Res.24(7)1042-1046(2010)