Phytohemagglutinin is a plant-derived lectin protein [1]. Phytohemagglutinin binds to the surface glycoproteins of T lymphocytes, activating and inducing their proliferation [2]. Phytohemagglutinin is often used cancer research [3].
In A549 cells, Phytohemagglutinin (20–160μg/mL; 48h) treatment caused a dose-dependent increase of cell growth inhibition and cytotoxicity on cells [4]. In Intestine-407, IEC-6, IEC-18 cells, Phytohemagglutinin (0.1µg/mL; 48-72h) significantly stimulated proliferation in all three cell lines [5]. In PC3 cells, Phytohemagglutinin (0.1–100μg/mL; 9d) has a significant dose-dependent toxic effect on prostate cancer cell proliferation [6].
In A20 cells subcutaneously tumor mice model, Phytohemagglutinin (1mg/mL; ip; 20d) treatment also inhibits tumor growth in mice [7]. In Krebs II cells subcutaneously tumor mice model, A diet containing the lectin Phytohemagglutinin (42mg; po; 8d) slows down the proliferation of Krebs II cell tumours in mice [8].
References:
[1]. Nagae M, Soga K, Morita-Matsumoto K, et al. Phytohemagglutinin from Phaseolus vulgaris (PHA-E) displays a novel glycan recognition mode using a common legume lectin fold[J]. Glycobiology, 2014, 24(4): 368-378.
[2]. Fujii T, Yamada S, Watanabe Y, et al. Induction of choline acetyltransferase mRNA in human mononuclear leukocytes stimulated by phytohemagglutinin, a T-cell activator[J]. Journal of neuroimmunology, 1998, 82(1): 101-107.
[3]. Gulden G, Sert B, Teymur T, et al. CAR-T cells with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) provide anti-cancer capacity with better proliferation, rejuvenated effector memory, and reduced exhausted t cell frequencies[J]. Vaccines, 2023, 11(2): 313.
[4]. Kuo W T, Ho Y J, Kuo S M, et al. Induction of the mitochondria apoptosis pathway by phytohemagglutinin erythroagglutinating in human lung cancer cells[J]. Annals of surgical oncology, 2011, 18(3): 848-856.
[5]. Otte J M, Chen C, Brunke G, et al. Mechanisms of lectin (phytohemagglutinin)-induced growth in small intestinal epithelial cells[J]. Digestion, 2001, 64(3): 169-178.
[6]. Camby I, Janssen T, De Decker R, et al. Lectin-induced alterations on the proliferation of three human prostatic cancer cell lines[J]. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Animal, 1996, 32(10): 633-639.
[7]. D'Costa S S, Hurwitz J L. Phytohemagglutinin inhibits lymphoid tumor growth in vitro and in vivo[J]. Leukemia & lymphoma, 2003, 44(10): 1785-1791.
[8]. Pryme I F, Pusztai A J, Bardocz S. A diet containing the lectin phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) slows down the proliferation of Krebs II cell tumours in mice[J]. Cancer letters, 1994, 76(2-3): 133-137.
Phytohemagglutinin是一种源自植物的凝集素蛋白 [1]。Phytohemagglutinin能与T淋巴细胞表面的糖蛋白结合，激活并诱导其增殖 [2]。Phytohemagglutinin常用于癌症研究 [3]。
在A549细胞中，Phytohemagglutinin（20-160μg/mL；48h）处理导致细胞生长抑制和细胞毒性呈剂量依赖性增加 [4]。在肠-407、IEC-6和IEC-18细胞中，Phytohemagglutinin（0.1μg/mL；48-72h）显著刺激了这三种细胞系的增殖 [5]。在PC3细胞中，Phytohemagglutinin（0.1-100μg/mL；9d）对前列腺癌细胞增殖具有显著的剂量依赖性毒性作用 [6]。
在A20细胞皮下肿瘤小鼠模型中，Phytohemagglutinin（1mg/mL；ip；20d）治疗也抑制了小鼠的肿瘤生长 [7]。在Krebs II细胞皮下肿瘤小鼠模型中，含有凝集素Phytohemagglutinin（42mg；po；8d）的饮食减缓了小鼠Krebs II细胞肿瘤的增殖 [8]。