Nicotinamide riboside chloride, a new form of vitamin B3 supplement, has also been shown to be an NAD+ precursor that is orally available and can roughly double the level of NAD+ in mammalian cells[1].
In vitro, Nicotinamide riboside chloride (800μM) can inhibit ferroptosis by suppressing excessive mitophagy and reducing iron accumulation, while restoring mitochondrial function and osteogenic capacity in MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts[2]. In H9c2 cells, Nicotinamide riboside chloride (0, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 5 and 10mM; 24h) pretreatment reduced the levels of lactate dehydrogenase, CK-MB, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and ROS, and reduced cell mortality after the induction of hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury[3].
In vivo, Acute treatment with Nicotinamide riboside chloride (300mg/kg; 20min after reperfusion; i.p.) reduces hippocampal damage and preserves the cognitive function of mice with ischemic injury[4]. Nicotinamide riboside chloride (500mg/kg; daily; i.p.) treatment improved cardiac dysfunction and blocked progression of heart failure in both WT and Sirt3 KO mice[5].
References:
[1] Zarei A, Khazdooz L, Madarshahian S, et al. Synthesis, Stability, and Bioavailability of Nicotinamide Riboside Trioleate Chloride. Nutrients. 2021 Dec 27;14(1):113.
[2] Hu Y, Lu H, Fang H, et al. Targeting SIRT3 to regulate mitophagy-dependent ferroptosis for preventing glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Int J Surg. 2025 Jul 2.
[3] Yuan C, Yang H, Lan W, et al. Nicotinamide ribose ameliorates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by regulating autophagy and regulating oxidative stress. Exp Ther Med. 2024 Mar 7;27(5):187.
[4] Cheng YH, Zhao JH, Zong WF, et al. Acute Treatment with Nicotinamide Riboside Chloride Reduces Hippocampal Damage and Preserves the Cognitive Function of Mice with Ischemic Injury. Neurochem Res. 2022 Aug;47(8):2244-2253.
[5] Walker MA, Chen H, Yadav A, et al. Raising NAD+ Level Stimulates Short-Chain Dehydrogenase/Reductase Proteins to Alleviate Heart Failure Independent of Mitochondrial Protein Deacetylation. Circulation. 2023 Dec 19;148(25):2038-2057.
Nicotinamide riboside chloride是一种新型的维生素B₃补充剂，也被证明是一种可口服的NAD⁺（烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸）前体，能够使哺乳动物细胞中的NAD⁺水平大致增加一倍[1]。
在体外实验中，Nicotinamide riboside chloride（800μM）可以通过抑制过度的线粒体自噬和减少铁积累来抑制铁死亡（ferroptosis），同时恢复MC3T3-E1前成骨细胞的线粒体功能和成骨能力[2]。在H9c2细胞中，Nicotinamide riboside chloride（0, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 5和10mM; 24小时）预处理降低了乳酸脱氢酶、肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）、丙二醛、超氧化物歧化酶和活性氧（ROS）的水平，并减少了缺氧/复氧（H/R）损伤诱导后的细胞死亡率[3]。
在体内实验中，Nicotinamide riboside chloride急性处理（300mg/kg; 复灌后20分钟; 腹腔注射）可减少缺血损伤小鼠海马区的损伤并保护其认知功能[4]。Nicotinamide riboside chloride（500mg/kg; 每日; 腹腔注射）治疗改善了野生型（WT）和Sirt3基因敲除（KO）小鼠的心脏功能障碍，并阻止了心力衰竭的进展[5]。