CRF, bovine is an important neuropeptide consisting of 41 amino acids[1], it is produced by the hypothalamus and is transported to the pituitary, where it triggers the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)[2]. CRF, bovine plays a significant role in social behavior and is commonly utilized in research of various psychiatric disorders, such as depression, anxiety, and substance/alcohol abuse[3][4].
CRF, bovine (0.1µM; 3h) treatment can rapidly stimulated cyclic AMP production, increasing it 4- to 6-fold in 3min and reaching a peak of 10- to 15-fold at 30min in rat anterior pituitary cells[5]. In RAW 264.7 cells, treatment with CRF, bovine at 10nM for 4 hours enhanced the NF-κB-mediated luciferase expression[6].
CRF, bovine play important roles in sociability, intracerebroventricular administration of CRF, bovine (5µg/2µL; 30min) significantly decreased the number of entries and the time of interaction with the unknown male mice[7]. CRF (100ng; icv) consistently decreased immobility in the tail suspension test (TST) and the forced swim test (FST) in unshocked mice[8].
References:
[1]. Vale W, Spiess J, Rivier C, Rivier J. Characterization of a 41-residue ovine hypothalamic peptide that stimulates secretion of corticotropin and beta-endorphin. Science. 1981 Sep 18;213(4514):1394-7. doi: 10.1126/science.6267699. PMID: 6267699.
[2]. Hogg JE, Myers J, Hutson PH. The human neuroblastoma cell line, IMR-32, expresses functional corticotropin-releasing factor receptors. Eur J Pharmacol. 1996 Sep 26;312(2):257-61. doi: 10.1016/0014-2999(96)00470-0. PMID: 8894604.
[3]. Matsoukas MT, Panagiotopoulos V, Karageorgos V, et al. Structural and Functional Insights into CRF Peptides and Their Receptors. Biology (Basel). 2024 Feb 13;13(2):120. doi: 10.3390/biology13020120. PMID: 38392338; PMCID: PMC10886364.
[4]. Sanders J, Nemeroff C. The CRF System as a Therapeutic Target for Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2016 Dec;37(12):1045-1054. doi: 10.1016/j.tips.2016.09.004. Epub 2016 Oct 4. PMID: 27717506; PMCID: PMC5121012.
[5]. Aguilera G, Harwood JP, Wilson JX, et al. Mechanisms of action of corticotropin-releasing factor and other regulators of corticotropin release in rat pituitary cells. J Biol Chem. 1983 Jul 10;258(13):8039-45. PMID: 6305967.
[6]. Smith EM, Gregg M, Hashemi F, et al. Corticotropin Releasing Factor (CRF) activation of NF-kappaB-directed transcription in leukocytes. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2006 Jul-Aug;26(4-6):1021-36. doi: 10.1007/s10571-006-9040-1. Epub 2006 Apr 22. PMID: 16633893; PMCID: PMC11520635.
[7]. Bagosi Z, Karasz G, Czébely-Lénárt A, et al. The effects of CRF and urocortins on the sociability of mice. Brain Res. 2017 May 15;1663:114-122. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.03.003. Epub 2017 Mar 14. PMID: 28315311.
[8]. Swiergiel AH, Leskov IL, Dunn AJ. Effects of chronic and acute stressors and CRF on depression-like behavior in mice. Behav Brain Res. 2008 Jan 10;186(1):32-40. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2007.07.018. Epub 2007 Jul 20. PMID: 17716752.
CRF, bovine 是一种重要由41个氨基酸组成的神经肽[1]，由下丘脑产生并运输到垂体并触发促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）的释放[2]。
CRF, bovine 在社交行为中发挥重要作用，并常用于抑郁症、焦虑症和物质/酒精滥用等多种精神疾病的研究[3][4]。CRF, bovine（0.1µM；3小时）处理可以迅速刺激cAMP的产生，在3分钟内增加4到6倍，并在30分钟内达到10到15倍的峰值[5]。在RAW 264.7细胞中，用10nM的CRF, bovine 处理4小时可以增强NF-κB介导的荧光素酶表达[6]。
CRF, bovine 在社交行为中扮演重要角色，脑室内注射CRF, bovine（5µg/2µL；30分钟）显著减少了小鼠进入次数和与陌生雄性互动的时间[7]。脑室内注射100ng的CRF在未受冲击的小鼠中一致减少了尾悬测试（TST）和强迫游泳测试（FST）中的不动时间[8]。