Muramyl dipeptide (MDP) is a synthetic immunoreactive peptide, consisting of N-acetyl muramic acid attached to a short amino acid chain of L-Ala-D-isoGln. Muramyl dipeptide is an inducer of bone formation through induction of Runx2. Muramyl dipeptide directly enhances osteoblast differentiation by up-regulating Runx2 gene expression through MAPK pathways. Muramyl dipeptide is a NLRP1 agonist[1][2].
References:
[1]. Park OJ, et al. Muramyl Dipeptide, a Shared Structural Motif of Peptidoglycans, Is a Novel Inducer of Bone Formation through Induction of Runx2. J Bone Miner Res. 2017 Jul;32(7):1455-1468.
[2]. V Kaushal, et al. Neuronal NLRP1 inflammasome activation of Caspase-1 coordinately regulates inflammatory interleukin-1-beta production and axonal degeneration-associated Caspase-6 activation. Cell Death Differ. 2015 Oct;22(10):1676-86.
Muramyl dipeptide (MDP)，是一种合成的免疫反应肽 (immunoreactive peptide)，由 N-乙酰壁酸与 L-Ala-D-isoGln 的短氨基酸链相连。Muramyl dipeptide 是通过 Runx2 诱导骨形成的诱导因子。Muramyl dipeptide 通过 MAPK 途径上调 Runx2 基因表达，直接促进成骨细胞分化，通过降低 RANKL/OPG 比值间接抑制破骨细胞分化。Muramyl dipeptide 是 NLRP1 激动剂。