Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a high-toxicity secondary metabolite produced by Fusarium graminearum. It is one of the most common mycotoxins in grains, foods and feeds.[1] deoxynivalenol, as an inhibitor of protein synthesis and as an immunomodulator, can reduce feed intake and mass gain in pigs.[3]
In vitro experiment it shown that treatment with 5 μM deoxynivalenol for 8 h in Pig jejunal cells has the time and dose dependent toxicity responses. In the meanwhile, pig jejunal cells also indicated reduced total cell counts and increased lactate dehydrogenase release after 48 h DON exposure with 0–10 μM. In IPEC-J2 cells, treatment with 20 μM deoxynivalenol at 4, 8, 12 and 24 h also significantly decreased the TEER (trans-epithelial electrical resistance) value.[2] In vitro efficacy study showed that neither 16 μM DOM-1 nor DON concentrations up to 0.4 μM affected the viability of the cells cultivated in medium or ConA. treatment with 0.8 μM deoxynivalenol for cells cultivated in medium significantly increased the count of dead cells, which was even higher at 1.6 μM.[4]
In vivo test demonstrated that mice orally 0.5 to12.5 mg/kg body weight deoxynivalenol decreased liver IGFALS mRNA levels, while 0.1 mg/kg body weight deoxynivalenol is without effect.[3]
References:
[1].Wu S, et al. Detoxification of DON by photocatalytic degradation and quality evaluation of wheat. RSC Adv. 2019 Oct 25;9(59):34351-34358.
[2].Thapa A, et al. Deoxynivalenol and Zearalenone-Synergistic or Antagonistic Agri-Food Chain Co-Contaminants? Toxins (Basel). 2021 Aug 11;13(8):561.
[3].Pestka JJ. Deoxynivalenol-induced proinflammatory gene expression: mechanisms and pathological sequelae. Toxins (Basel). 2010 Jun;2(6):1300-17.
[4].Vatzia E, et al. Deoxynivalenol Affects Proliferation and Expression of Activation-Related Molecules in Major Porcine T-Cell Subsets. Toxins (Basel). 2019 Nov 5;11(11):644.
脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇 (DON) 是禾谷镰刀菌产生的一种高毒性次级代谢产物。它是谷物、食品和饲料中最常见的霉菌毒素之一。[1]脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇作为蛋白质合成抑制剂和免疫调节剂,可以降低猪的采食量和增重。 >[3]
体外实验表明,在猪空肠细胞中用 5 μM 脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇处理 8 小时具有时间和剂量依赖性毒性反应。与此同时,猪空肠细胞也表明在暴露于 0-10 μM DON 48 小时后,总细胞计数减少,乳酸脱氢酶释放增加。在 IPEC-J2 细胞中,20 μM 脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇在 4、8、12 和 24 h 处理也显着降低了 TEER（跨上皮电阻）值。[2] 体外药效研究表明16 μM DOM-1 和高达 0.4 μM 的 DON 浓度都不会影响在培养基或 ConA 中培养的细胞的活力。用 0.8 μM 脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇处理培养基中培养的细胞可显着增加死细胞数量,在 1.6 μM 时甚至更高。[4]
体内试验表明,小鼠口服 0.5 至 12.5 mg/kg 体重的脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇会降低肝脏 IGFALS mRNA 水平,而 0.1 mg/kg 体重的脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇则没有效果。[3]