Cortistatin 14, a neuropeptide, is present primarily in the cortex and hippocampus, which inhibits neuronal firing of hippocampal CA1 neurons [1]. Cortistatin 14 inhibits the proliferation of Th1 cells and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-γ), while increasing anti-inflammatory signals (IL-10) [2]. Cortistatin 14 has been widely used to regulate the central nervous function of mice and to modulate the sleep/wake rhythm[3].
In vitro, Cortistatin 14 (1µM) treatment for 48 hours significantly inhibited the proliferation of WRO cells[4].
In vivo, Cortistatin 14 treatment via a single intraperitoneal injection at a dose of 500µg/kg significantly increased the survival rate of septic mice within one week and improved cognitive and emotional dysfunction[5]. Ten minutes before intraperitoneal injection of 10mg/kg kainate, 5µl of 10nmol Cortistatin 14 was intracerebroventricularly injected, which significantly reduced the epileptic seizures in rats and inhibited the significant reduction of cortical and hippocampal neurons in rats[6]. A single intraperitoneal injection of 1mg/kg dose of Cortistatin 14 significantly inhibited gastrointestinal transit, microsphere excretion, and fecal particle excretion in mice with colitis[7]. Intracerebroventricular injection of a single dose of 5µg Cortistatin 14 can alleviate depressive-like behaviors in mice and reduce the time spent in inactivity by the mice within 10 minutes[8].
References:
[1] Flood J F, Uezu K, Morley J E. The cortical neuropeptide, cortistatin-14, impairs post-training memory processing[J]. Brain research, 1997, 775(1-2): 250-252.
[2] Markovics A, Szőke É, Sándor K, et al. Comparison of the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of cortistatin-14 and somatostatin-14 in distinct in vitro and in vivo model systems[J]. Journal of Molecular Neuroscience, 2012, 46(1): 40-50.
[3] de Lecea L. Cortistatin—functions in the central nervous system[J]. Molecular and cellular endocrinology, 2008, 286(1-2): 88-95.
[4] Cassoni P, Muccioli G, Marrocco T, et al. Cortistatin-14 inhibits cell proliferation of human thyroid carcinoma cell lines of both follicular and parafollicular origin[J]. Journal of endocrinological investigation, 2002, 25(4): 362-368.
[5] Wen Q, Ding Q, Wang J, et al. Cortistatin‐14 Exerts Neuroprotective Effect Against Microglial Activation, Blood‐brain Barrier Disruption, and Cognitive Impairment in Sepsis‐associated Encephalopathy[J]. Journal of immunology research, 2022, 2022(1): 3334145.
[6] Braun H, Schulz S, Becker A, et al. Protective effects of cortistatin (CST-14) against kainate-induced neurotoxicity in rat brain[J]. Brain research, 1998, 803(1-2): 54-60.
[7] Jiang J H, Jin W D, Peng Y L, et al. The role of Cortistatin-14 in the gastrointestinal motility in mice[J]. Pharmacological Reports, 2018, 70(2): 355-363.
[8] Jiang J H, Peng Y L, Liang X Y, et al. Centrally administered cortistation-14 induces antidepressant-like effects in mice via mediating ghrelin and GABAA receptor signaling pathway[J]. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2018, 9: 767.
Cortistatin 14是一种神经肽，主要存在于大脑皮层和海马体中，可抑制海马CA1神经元的放电活动[1]。Cortistatin 14可抑制Th1细胞增殖及促炎细胞因子（IL-2和IFN-γ）的释放，同时增加抗炎信号（IL-10）[2]。Cortistatin 14已被广泛用于调节小鼠中枢神经功能及睡眠/觉醒节律[3]。
在体外，1µM的Cortistatin 14处理48小时可显著抑制WRO细胞的增殖[4]。
在体内，单次腹腔注射500µg/kg的Cortistatin 14可显著提高脓毒症小鼠一周内的存活率，并改善认知和情绪功能障碍[5]。在腹腔注射10mg/kg红藻氨酸前10分钟，脑室内注射5µl 10nmol的Cortistatin 14，可显著减少大鼠癫痫发作，并抑制大鼠皮层和海马神经元的显著减少[6]。单次腹腔注射1mg/kg的Cortistatin 14可显著抑制结肠炎小鼠的胃肠蠕动、微球排泄及粪便颗粒排泄[7]。脑室内注射单剂量5µg的Cortistatin 14可在10分钟内减轻小鼠抑郁样行为，并减少小鼠的不动时间[8]。