3,3',5-Triiodo-L-thyronine (sodium salt hydrate)

3,3',5-Triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) is a thyroid hormone.¹ It is produced by 5'-monodeiodination of the prohormone thyroxine (T4) in various tissues, including liver and kidney. T3 is an agonist of thyroid hormone receptors TRα and TRβ (K_is = 2.3 nM for both) that modulates diverse biological properties, including metabolism, cardiac function, growth, and redox signaling.^2,3,4,5 It also functions as an inhibitor of L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1), inhibiting LAT1-mediated leucine uptake in HEK293 cells when used at a concentration of 10 µM.⁶

1.Larsen, P.R., Silva, J.E., and Kaplan, M.M.Relationships between circulating and intracellular thyroid hormones: Physiological and clinical implicationsEndocr. Rev.2(1)87-102(1981) 2.Shiohara, H., Nakamura, T., Kikuchi, N., et al.Discovery of novel indane derivatives as liver-selective thyroid hormone receptor β (TRβ) agonists for the treatment of dyslipidemiaBioorgan. Med. Chem.20(11)3622-3634(2012) 3.Cox, M.D., Dalal, S.S., Heard, C.R.C., et al.Metabolic rate and thyroid status in rats fed diets of different protein-energy value: The importance of free T3J. Nutri.114(9)1609-1616(1984) 4.Macchia, P.E., Takeuchi, Y., Kawai, T., et al.Increased sensitivity to thyroid hormone in mice with complete deficiency of thyroid hormone receptor αProc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.98(1)349-354(2001) 5.Videla, L.A., Cornejo, P., Romanque, P., et al.Thyroid hormone-induced cytosol-to-nuclear translocation of rat liver Nrf2 is dependent on Kupffer cell functioningSci. World J.20121-11(2012) 6.Kongpracha, P., Nagamori, S., Wiriyasermkul, P., et al.Structure-activity relationship of a novel series of inhibitors for cancer type transporter L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1)J. Pharmacol. Sci.133(2)96-102(2017)