Patchouli alcohol is a natural tricyclic diterpenoid derived from Pogostemon cablin Banth, possessing a variety of biological activities including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and antiviral activity[1, 2]. Patchouli alcohol can inhibit viral replication during the early life cycle of influenza A virus infection and specifically prevent the expression of viral proteins hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA)[3].
In vitro, treatment of gastric cancer cell lines (NCI-N87 and HGC-27 cells) with Patchouli alcohol (0, 0.5, 1, 2µM) for 24-72h inhibited cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner, induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, and inhibited cell invasion and migration[4]. Treatment of DU145 and PC-3 cells with Patchouli alcohol (50-100µg/mL) for 24-72h inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, significantly downregulated the phosphorylation of NF-κB α and p65 inhibitors, and the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2, MMP-7, MMP-9, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)[5].
In vivo, treatment of A549 cell xenograft mice with Patchouli alcohol (5, 10, 15mg/kg) via intraperitoneal injection every 3 days for 21 days significantly inhibited tumor growth, significantly reduced the level of Ki67-positive cells in tumor tissue, and increased the level of cleavage caspase 3[6]. Oral administration of Patchouli alcohol (25, 50mg/kg) three times a week to obese mice induced by a high-fat diet significantly reduced body weight and significantly reduced fat accumulation in the epididymis and retroperitoneum[7].
References:
[1] Kumar A, Sharma N, Chanotiya C S, et al. The pharmacological potential and the agricultural significance of the aromatic crop Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth.): A review[J]. Ecological Frontiers, 2024, 44(6): 1109-1118.
[2] Pandey S K, Gogoi R, Bhandari S, et al. A comparative study on chemical composition, pharmacological potential and toxicity of Pogostemon cablin Linn.,(Patchouli) flower and leaf essential oil[J]. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 2022, 25(1): 160-179.
[3] Fan Y, Zhang Q, Zhang W, et al. Inhibitory effects of Patchouli alcohol on the early lifecycle stages of influenza A virus[J]. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2023, 13: 938868.
[4] Song Y, Chang L, Wang X, et al. Regulatory mechanism and experimental verification of patchouli alcohol on gastric cancer cell based on network pharmacology[J]. Frontiers in Oncology, 2021, 11: 711984.
[5] Cai J, Zhao J, Gao P, et al. Patchouli alcohol suppresses castration-resistant prostate cancer progression by inhibiting NF-κB signal pathways[J]. Translational Andrology and Urology, 2022, 11(4): 528.
[6] Lu X G, Yang L, Lu C H, et al. Molecular role of EGFR‐MAPK pathway in patchouli alcohol‐induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest on A549 cells in vitro and in vivo[J]. BioMed research international, 2016, 2016(1): 4567580.
[7] Lee J, Kong B, Lee S H. Patchouli alcohol, a compound from Pogostemon cablin, inhibits obesity[J]. Journal of medicinal food, 2020, 23(3): 326-334.
Patchouli alcohol是一种天然的三环二半萜，来源于Pogostemon cablin Banth，具有抗菌、抗炎、抗肿瘤和抗病毒等多种生物学活性[1, 2]。Patchouli alcohol在甲型流感病毒感染的早期生命周期阶段能够抑制病毒复制，并特异性地阻止病毒蛋白血球凝集素（HA）和神经氨酸酶（NA）的表达[3]。
在体外，Patchouli alcohol（0, 0.5, 1, 2µM）处理胃癌细胞系（NCI-N87、HGC-27细胞）24-72h，以剂量和时间依赖性方式抑制了细胞增殖，诱导了细胞凋亡和细胞周期停滞，抑制了细胞的入侵和迁移[4]。Patchouli alcohol（50-100µg/mL）处理DU145和PC-3细胞）24-72h，抑制了细胞的增殖、迁移和侵入，显著下调了NF-κB α和p65抑制剂的磷酸化，以及基质金属蛋白（MMP）-2、MMP-7、MMP-9和血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）的表达[5]。
在体内，Patchouli alcohol（5, 10, 15mg/kg）每隔3天通过腹腔注射给药治疗A549细胞异种移植小鼠21天，显著抑制了小鼠体内肿瘤的生长，显著降低了肿瘤组织中Ki67阳性细胞的水平，并提高了裂解型caspase3的水平[6]。Patchouli alcohol（25, 50mg/kg）每周3次通过口服喂食高脂饮食诱导的肥胖小鼠，显著减轻了小鼠的体重，显著减少了附睾和腹膜后的脂肪积累[7]。