X-Gal is hydrolyzed blue by β-galactosidase, so it is often used in transgenic screening tests, such as blue-white spot screening or in situ staining assay for β-galactosidase [1-2].
X-gal (1 mg/ml / 0.3 mg/ml) staining is also used to analyze protein expression pattern. It can be used to detect expression pattern of beta-galactosidase in vivo [3-4]. X-gal (1 mg/ml) can also be used to visualize LacZ activity in mouse embryos and adult mice[5-6].
References:
[1]. Green MR, Sambrook J. Screening Bacterial Colonies Using X-Gal and IPTG: α-Complementation. Cold Spring Harb Protoc. 2019 Dec 2;2019(12). doi: 10.1101/pdb.prot101329. PMID: 31792144.
[2]. Trimborn L, Hoecker U,et,al. A Simple Quantitative Assay for Measuring β-Galactosidase Activity Using X-Gal in Yeast-Based Interaction Analyses. Curr Protoc. 2022 May;2(5):e421. doi: 10.1002/cpz1.421. PMID: 35567769.
[3]. Kokubu H, Lim J. X-gal Staining on Adult Mouse Brain Sections. Bio Protoc. 2014;4(5):e1064. doi: 10.21769/bioprotoc.1064. Epub 2014 Mar 5. PMID: 27390760; PMCID: PMC4932900.
[4]. Burn SF. Detection of β-galactosidase activity: X-gal staining. Methods Mol Biol. 2012;886:241-50. doi: 10.1007/978-1-61779-851-1_21. PMID: 22639266.
[5]. Watanabe-Takano H, Fukumoto M, et,al. Protocol for whole-mount X-gal staining combined with tissue clearing in embryo and adult mouse using CUBIC. STAR Protoc. 2022 Jan 20;3(1):101127. doi: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101127. PMID: 35118431; PMCID: PMC8792446.
[6]. Gierut JJ, Jacks TE, et,al. Whole-mount X-Gal staining of mouse tissues. Cold Spring Harb Protoc. 2014 Apr 1;2014(4):417-9. doi: 10.1101/pdb.prot073452. PMID: 24692489; PMCID: PMC4169236.
X-Gal被β-半乳糖苷酶水解成蓝色，因此常用于转基因筛选试验，如β-半乳糖苷酶的蓝白斑筛选或原位染色试验[1-2]。
X-gal (1mg /ml / 0.3 mg/ml)染色法可以用于分析蛋白表达谱。它可用于检测体内β -半乳糖苷酶的表达模式[3-4]。X-gal (1 mg/ml)也可用于观察小鼠胚胎和成年小鼠的LacZ活性[5-6]。