Trehalose (hydrate) is a natural, safe, non-specific disaccharide osmoprotectant[1]. Trehalose (hydrate) exerts anti-desiccation, anti-freezing, and anti-oxidative effects by stabilizing protein and membrane structures and maintaining osmotic pressure[2]. Trehalose (hydrate) is widely used in studies of metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and food–drug delivery systems[3][4].
In vitro, Trehalose (hydrate) (100mM; 72h) significantly increases the viability of H9c2 cardiomyocytes exposed to high glucose (33mM), decreases the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and cleaved-caspase-3 protein levels, suppresses NALP3/caspase-1/IL-1β/IL-18-mediated pyroptosis, restores the expression of Beclin-1 and Atg5 proteins as well as the LC3-II/I ratio, and reverses high-glucose–induced autophagic impairment[5].
In vivo, Trehalose (hydrate) (4% w/v in drinking water; 14 days; ad libitum) fully reversed the memory deficit induced by bilateral i.c.v. Aβ25–35 injection, restoring step-through latency in the passive avoidance test to control levels in APP/PS1 mice, while significantly reducing hippocampal CA1 Aβ fluorescence intensity and IBA1-positive microglial density, and restoring neuronal density to control values as shown by Nissl staining[6]. Trehalose (hydrate) (2% w/v in drinking water; ad libitum from 64 days of age until death) significantly delayed disease onset and extended mice lifespan, doubled motor neuron survival in the L4–5 spinal cord, and reduced spinal insoluble SOD1 aggregates in SOD1G93A mice[7].
References:
[1] Megarry AJ, Booth J, Burley J. Amorphous trehalose dihydrate by cryogenic milling. Carbohydr Res. 2011;346(8):1061-1064.
[2] Chen A, Tapia H, Goddard JM, Gibney PA. Trehalose and its applications in the food industry. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf. 2022;21(6):5004-5037.
[3] Sharma E, Shruti PS, Singh S, et al. Trehalose and its Diverse Biological Potential. Curr Protein Pept Sci. 2023;24(6):503-517.
[4] Sevriev B, Dimitrova S, Kehayova G, Dragomanova S. Trehalose: Neuroprotective Effects and Mechanisms-An Updated Review. NeuroSci. 2024;5(4):429-444.
[5] Liu Y, Wu S, Zhao Q, et al. Trehalose Ameliorates Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Role of the PK2/PKR Pathway. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2021;2021:6779559.
[6] Pupyshev AB, Akopyan AA, Tenditnik MV, et al. Alimentary Treatment with Trehalose in a Pharmacological Model of Alzheimer's Disease in Mice: Effects of Different Dosages and Treatment Regimens. Pharmaceutics. 2024;16(6):813.
[7] Zhang X, Chen S, Song L, et al. MTOR-independent, autophagic enhancer trehalose prolongs motor neuron survival and ameliorates the autophagic flux defect in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Autophagy. 2014;10(4):588-602.
Trehalose (hydrate) 是一种天然、安全、非特异性的二糖渗透保护剂[1]。Trehalose (hydrate)通过稳定蛋白质和膜结构、维持渗透压，发挥抗干燥、抗冷冻及抗氧化作用[2]。Trehalose (hydrate)被广泛用于代谢性疾病、神经退行性疾病以及食品-药物递送系统的研究[3][4]。
体外实验中，Trehalose (hydrate)（100mM；72h）显著提高高糖（33mM）刺激下 H9c2 心肌细胞的存活率，降低Bax/Bcl-2比值及cleaved-caspase-3蛋白水平，抑制NALP3/caspase-1/IL-1β/IL-18介导的焦亡，恢复Beclin-1和Atg5蛋白表达以及 LC3-II/I比值，并逆转高糖诱导的自噬损伤[5]。
体内实验中，Trehalose (hydrate)（4% w/v 饮水；14天；自由摄取）完全逆转了双侧脑室注射Aβ25–35引起的记忆障碍，使APP/PS1小鼠被动回避试验的步入潜伏期恢复至对照水平，同时显著降低海马CA1区Aβ荧光强度和IBA1阳性小胶质细胞密度，并通过Nissl染色显示神经元密度恢复至对照水平[6]。Trehalose (hydrate)（2% w/v 饮水；自64日龄起直至死亡；自由摄取）显著延缓了疾病发作时间，延长了小鼠寿命，使SOD1G93A小鼠L4–5脊髓段运动神经元存活数增加一倍，并减少脊髓不溶性SOD1聚集体[7]。