Tofogliflozin (CSG 452) is a novel sodium-glucose co-transporter 2(SGLT2) inhibitor with IC50 values of 2.9 nM and 8444 nM for hSGLT2 and hSGLT1, respectively.
Tofogliflozin is the potent and most selective inhibitor of SGLT2; the selectivity of tofogliflozin toward SGLT2 is 2900 times that toward SGLT1. Tofogliflozin dose-dependently inhibited glucose entry into tubular cells, tofogliflozin suppressed high glucose-induced ROS generation, MCP-1 gene induction and apoptosis in tubular cells and an antioxidant NAC mimicked the effects of tofogliflozin on high glucoseexposed tubular cells[3].
A single oral administration of this compound lowers blood glucose levels in Zucker diabetic rats with increased renal glucose clearance and treatment for 4 weeks with this compound improves glucose tolerance in db/db mice. Tofogliflozin treatment lowers urine volume compared with the untreated control group at 8 weeks of treatment. Tofogliflozin treatment increases renal glucose clearance levels compared with untreated db/db mice, whereas losartan treatment has no effect on this parameter. Tofogliflozin treatment reduces the threshold of glucose reabsorption in db/db mice and increases the UGE, and then reduces the PG. Tofogliflozin treatment significantly and dose-dependently elevates the total beta-cell mass, suggesting that beta-cell loss is prevented. Tofogliflozin suppresses plasma glucose and glycated Hb and preserves pancreatic beta-cell mass and plasma insulin levels[2].
[1] Yoshihito Ohtake, et al. J Med Chem. 2012, 55(17):7828-7840. [2] Nagata T, et al. Br J Pharmacol. 2013, 170(3):519-31. [3] Ishibashi Y, et al. Horm Metab Res. 2016, 48(3):191-5.