Echinacoside is a phenylethanoid glycoside isolated from Cistanche tubulosa with potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects[1]. Echinacoside is commonly used in research on neurodegenerative diseases (Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease), cardiovascular health, and skin protective agents[2,3,4].
In vitro, Echinacoside (20, 50, 100μg/mL) treatment of HepG2 cells for 24, 48, and 72h inhibited cell proliferation in a concentration- and time-dependent manner and induced apoptosis. Echinacoside (50, 100μg/mL) treatment of HepG2 cells for 48h significantly reduced p-AKT protein levels and upregulated the protein expression of p21 and Bax[5]. Echinacoside (0.1, 1, 10nM) treatment of MC3T3-E1 cells for 21 days dose-dependently and significantly promoted mineralized nodule formation[6].
In vivo, intragastric administration of Echinacoside (30, 90, 270mg/kg/day) to ovariectomized rats for 12 weeks significantly increased osteoprotegerin levels and decreased receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) levels[7]. A single oral dose of Echinacoside (250, 500mg/kg) administered to starch-loaded mice significantly inhibited the postprandial increase in blood glucose levels, with blood glucose levels in the 500mg/kg dose group being significantly lower than those in the control group at 0.5, 1, and 2h[8].
References:
[1] LIU J, YANG L, DONG Y, et al. Echinacoside, an inestimable natural product in treatment of neurological and other disorders[J]. Molecules, 2018, 23(5): 1213.
[2] LI J, YU H, YANG C, et al. Therapeutic potential and molecular mechanisms of echinacoside in neurodegenerative diseases[J]. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2022, 13: 841110.
[3] SHEOKAND A, KOLI D, WADHWA K, et al. Mechanistic insights into the anticancer potential of echinacoside: therapeutic applications and future directions[J]. Archiv der Pharmazie, 2025, 358(11): e70153.
[4] LI L, RAN Y, WEN J, et al. Traditional Chinese medicine-based treatment in cardiovascular disease: potential mechanisms of action[J]. Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 2024, 25(17): 2186-2199.
[5] YE Y, SONG Y, ZHUANG J, et al. Anticancer effects of echinacoside in hepatocellular carcinoma mouse model and HepG2 cells[J]. Journal of Cellular Physiology, 2019, 234(2): 1880-1888.
[6] LI F, YANG Y, ZHU P, et al. Echinacoside promotes bone regeneration by increasing OPG/RANKL ratio in MC3T3-E1 cells[J]. Fitoterapia, 2012, 83(8): 1443-1450.
[7] WU L, GEORGIEV M I, CAO H, et al. Therapeutic potential of phenylethanoid glycosides: a systematic review[J]. Medicinal Research Reviews, 2020, 40(6): 2605-2649.
[8] MORIKAWA T, NINOMIYA K, IMAMURA M, et al. Acylated phenylethanoid glycosides, echinacoside and acteoside from Cistanche tubulosa, improve glucose tolerance in mice[J]. Journal of Natural Medicines, 2014, 68(3): 561-566.
Echinacoside是一种从Cistanche tubulosa中分离的，具有强效抗氧化和抗炎作用的苯乙醇类化合物[1]。Echinacoside通常用于神经退行性疾病（帕金森病、阿尔茨海默病）、心血管健康及皮肤保护剂的研究[2,3,4]。
在体外，Echinacoside（20, 50, 100μg/mL）处理HepG2细胞24、48和72h，可浓度和时间依赖性地抑制细胞增殖，并诱导细胞凋亡。Echinacoside（50, 100μg/mL）处理HepG2细胞48h，可显著降低p-AKT蛋白水平，并上调p21和Bax的蛋白表达[5]。Echinacoside（0.1, 1, 10nM）处理MC3T3-E1细胞21天，可剂量依赖性地显著促进矿化结节形成[6]。
在体内，Echinacoside（30, 90, 270mg/kg/day）通过灌胃治疗去卵巢大鼠12周，可显著提高骨保护素水平，降低核因子κB受体活化因子配体（RANKL）水平[7]。Echinacoside（250, 500mg/kg）通过口服单次给予淀粉负荷小鼠，可显著抑制餐后血糖升高，其中500mg/kg剂量在0.5h、1h和2h的血糖水平均显著低于对照组[8]。