Temanogrel (APD791)

Cell experiment:

To provide further insights into the effect of Temanogrel on platelet-dependent clot formation in models devoid of vascular smooth muscle, two in vitro post hoc experiments are performed. Paired aliquots of heparinized whole blood are incubated with Temanogrel (100 nM) or vehicle for 10 min at 37°C, and then placed in a thromboelastogram (TEG) pin-and-cup system with 10 µm serotonin, reptilase, and activated factor XIII (n=3 paired samples). The maximum amplitude of torsion is quantified for all samples. Aliquots of citrated blood (n=3 pairs) are incubated with Temanogrel (100 nM) or vehicle for 10 min at 37°C, and then pipetted into collagen-ADP cartridges. For each sample, the time (in seconds) required for the complete platelet-mediated thrombotic occlusion of the membrane aperture is recorded[2].

Animal experiment:

in vivo study.--> Adult male beagle dogs (n=3) are used and receive a single oral gavage dose of Temanogrel at 10 mg/kg. Temanogrel is formulated in sterile water at 5 mL/kg. Animals are fasted before Temanogrel delivery. Serial sampling is used to obtain plasma concentration versus time profiles. Whole blood samples are collected via jugular vein venipuncture over a 24-h period. Plasma is prepared by centrifugation from sodium heparin-treated whole blood, frozen, and stored at approximately -20°C until bioanalytical analysis[3].

References:

[1]. Xiong Y, et al. Discovery and structure-activity relationship of 3-methoxy-N-(3-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-4-(2-morpholinoethoxy)phenyl)benzamide (APD791): a highly selective 5-hydroxytryptamine2A receptor inverse agonist for the treatment of arterial thrombosis. J Med Chem. 2010 Jun 10;53(11):4412-21.
[2]. Przyklenk K, et al. Targeted inhibition of the serotonin 5HT2A receptor improves coronary patency in an in vivo model of recurrent thrombosis. J Thromb Haemost. 2010 Feb;8(2):331-40.
[3]. Adams JW, et al. APD791, 3-methoxy-n-(3-(1-methyl-1h-pyrazol-5-yl)-4-(2-morpholinoethoxy)phenyl)benzamide, a novel 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor antagonist: pharmacological profile, pharmacokinetics, platelet activity and vascular biology. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2009 Oct;331(1):96-103.