Rosmanol is a polyphenol that has been found in R. officinalis and has diverse biological activities.1,2,3 It is an inhibitor of α-glucosidase and α-amylase (IC50s = 16.4 and 40.9 ?g/ml, respectively) and has antioxidant activity in a Trolox equivalent absorbance capacity (TEAC) assay.2 Rosmanol activates the mitochondrial and death receptor apoptosis pathways and induces apoptosis in COLO 205 colorectal cancer cells (IC50 = ~42 ?M).3 It also inhibits LPS-induced production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), as well as reduces the activity of NF-κB, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and COX-2 induced by LPS, in RAW 264.7 macrophages when used at concentrations of 2.5 and 5 ?M.1 Rosmanol (30-100 mg/kg) increases the latency to tail withdrawal in the hot plate test, decreases immobility in the forced swim test, and increases the time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus maze in mice, indicating antinociceptive, antidepressant-like, and anxiolytic-like activities, respectively.4
1.Lai, C.-S., Lee, J.H., Ho, C.-T., et al.Rosmanol potently inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced iNOS and COX-2 expression through downregulating MAPK, NF-κB, STAT3 and C/EBP signaling pathwaysJ. Agric. Food Chem.57(22)10990-10998(2009) 2.Etsassala, N.G.E.R., Badmus, J.A., Marnewick, J.L., et al.Alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase inhibitory activities, molecular docking, and antioxidant capacities of Salvia aurita constituentsAntioxidants9(11)1149(2020) 3.Cheng, A.-C., Lee, M.-F., Tsai, M.-L., et al.Rosmanol potently induces apoptosis through both the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and death receptor pathway in human colon adenocarcinoma COLO 205 cellsFood Chem. Toxicol.49(2)485-493(2011) 4.Abdelhalim, A., Karim, N., Chebib, M., et al.Antidepressant, anxiolytic and antinociceptive activities of constituents from Rosmarinus officinalisJ. Pharm. Pharm. Sci.18(4)448-459(2015)