Rose Bengal is a potent inhibitor of VGlut and vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT), with Ki values of 19nM and 64nM, respectively [1]. Rose Bengal can be used as a dye, photosensitizer[2], and can also be used in the research of colon cancer, breast cancer, and ovarian cancer[3][4][5].
Rose Bengal (100-800μM; 4 days) dose-dependently inhibited the growth of UWB and BRCA1 ovarian cancer cells[3]. Rose Bengal (160μM; 60s) significantly enhanced ultrasound-induced injury in sarcoma cells in vitro, with 160μM Rose Bengal increasing the rate of ultrasound-induced cell injury by 2 to 3 times[4]. After treating MCF-7 with Rose Bengal (200-300μM; 24-48h) for 24h, MCF-7 cells undergo morphological changes, including volume reduction and rounding, until the nucleus constitutes the majority of the cell volume[5]. Rose Bengal (25-1000μM; 24h)-treated colon cancer cells expressed distinct hallmarks of immunogenic cell death (ICD), including enhanced expression of calreticulin and heat-shock protein 90 on the cell surface, a decrease in intracellular ATP, and the release of HMGB1[6].
Rose Bengal (300μM; 24h)-treated colon cancer served as a vaccine against subsequent challenge with the same CT26 colon cancer tumor cells, and vaccination with in vitro Rose Bengal-treated cells resulted in slower tumor growth following inoculation with colon cancer cells[6].Intralesional injection of Rose Bengal (50μL 10% Rose Bengal) induces systemic tumor-specific immune responses in mouse models of melanoma and breast cancer[7].
References:
[1]. Ogita K, Hirata K, Bole D G, et al. Inhibition of vesicular glutamate storage and exocytotic release by Rose Bengal[J]. Journal of neurochemistry, 2001, 77(1): 34-42.
[2]. Watts L T, Zheng W, Garling R J, et al. Rose Bengal photothrombosis by confocal optical imaging in vivo: a model of single vessel stroke[J]. Journal of Visualized Experiments: JoVE, 2015 (100).
[3]. Koevary S B. Selective toxicity of rose bengal to ovarian cancer cells in vitro[J]. International journal of physiology, pathophysiology and pharmacology, 2012, 4(2): 99.
[4]. Umemura S, Yumita N, Umemura K, et al. Sonodynamically induced effect of rose bengal on isolated sarcoma 180 cells[J]. Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology, 1999, 43: 389-393.
[5]. Mousavi S H, Tavakkol-Afshari J, Brook A, et al. Direct toxicity of Rose Bengal in MCF-7 cell line: role of apoptosis[J]. Food and chemical toxicology, 2009, 47(4): 855-859.
[6]. Qin J, Kunda N, Qiao G, et al. Colon cancer cell treatment with rose bengal generates a protective immune response via immunogenic cell death[J]. Cell death & disease, 2017, 8(2): e2584-e2584.
[7]. Toomey P, Kodumudi K, Weber A, et al. Intralesional injection of rose bengal induces a systemic tumor-specific immune response in murine models of melanoma and breast cancer[J]. PloS one, 2013, 8(7): e68561.
Rose Bengal是囊泡谷氨酸转运蛋白（VGlut）和囊泡单胺转运体（VMAT）的强效抑制剂，Ki值分别为19nM和64nM[1]。Rose Benga可用作染料、光敏剂[2]，也可用于结肠癌、乳腺癌和卵巢癌的研究[3][4][5]。
Rose Benga（100-800μM；4 days）剂量依赖性地抑制UWB和BRCA1卵巢癌细胞的生长[3]。Rose Benga（160μM；60s）显著增强体外肉瘤细胞的超声诱导损伤，160μM Rose Benga使超声诱导的细胞损伤率增加了2至3倍[4]。用Rose Benga（200-300μM；24h）处理MCF-7细胞24h后，MCF-7细胞发生形态变化，包括体积减小和变圆，直到细胞核占细胞体积的大部分[5]。Rose Benga（25-1000μM；24h）处理的结肠癌细胞表现出免疫原性细胞死亡（ICD）的明显特征，包括细胞表面钙网蛋白和热休克蛋白90表达增强、细胞内ATP减少以及HMGB1释放减少[6]。
Rose Benga（300μM; 24h）处理的结肠癌细胞可作为疫苗抵抗随后相同CT26结肠癌肿瘤细胞对小鼠的攻击，并且用体外Rose Benga处理的细胞进行接种可导致接种结肠癌细胞后的肿瘤生长速度减慢[6]。Rose Benga（50μL 10% Rose Benga）的病灶内注射可在黑色素瘤和乳腺癌小鼠模型中诱导全身肿瘤特异性免疫反应[7]。