Phalloidin is a mushroom-derived toxin that can be conjugated to fluorescent dyes to label cytoskeletal F-actin[1]. Phalloidin is a highly selective bicyclic peptide that works by binding and stabilizing F-actin, effectively preventing actin filament depolymerization[2]. Phalloidin derivatives containing fluorescent tags are widely used to visualize F-actin in biomedical research[3]. Phalloidin interferes with cell motility and growth[4]. Phalloidin is not suitable for methanol-fixed cells, probably due to the disruption of actin filament integrity, but it is suitable for cells fixed in 0.2% glutaraldehyde in PBS[5]. For RITC-Phalloidin, the maximum excitation wavelength is 495nm (or 550nm) and the maximum emission wavelength is 520nm[5].
References:
[1] DesMarais V, Eddy R J, Sharma V P, et al. Optimizing leading edge F-actin labeling using multiple actin probes, fixation methods and imaging modalities[J]. BioTechniques, 2019, 66(3): 113-119.
[2] Gübeli R J, Bertoldo D, Shimada K, et al. In Vitro-Evolved Peptides Bind Monomeric Actin and Mimic Actin-Binding Protein Thymosin-β4[J]. ACS Chemical Biology, 2021, 16(5): 820-828.
[3] Romani M, Auwerx J. Phalloidin staining of actin filaments for visualization of muscle fibers in Caenorhabditis elegans[J]. Bio-protocol, 2021, 11(19): e4183-e4183.
[4] Wehland J, Osborn M, Weber K. Phalloidin-induced actin polymerization in the cytoplasm of cultured cells interferes with cell locomotion and growth[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1977, 74(12): 5613-5617.
[5] Chazotte B. Labeling cytoskeletal F-actin with rhodamine phalloidin or fluorescein phalloidin for imaging[J]. Cold Spring Harbor Protocols, 2010, 2010(5): pdb. prot4947.
Phalloidin是一种蘑菇衍生的毒素，能够与荧光染料结合来标记细胞骨架的F-肌动蛋白[1]。Phalloidin是一种高度选择性的双环肽，通过结合和稳定F-肌动蛋白发挥作用，有效防止肌动蛋白纤维解聚[2]。含有荧光标签的Phalloidin衍生物广泛用于生物医学研究中可视化F-肌动蛋白[3]。Phalloidin会干扰细胞运动和生长[4]。Phalloidin不适用于甲醇固定的细胞，可能是因为肌动蛋白丝完整性的破坏，但它适用于在PBS中的0.2%戊二醛中固定的细胞[5]。对于RITC-Phalloidin，最大激发波长值为495nm（或550nm），最大发射波长值为520nm[5]。