Ochratoxin C

Ochratoxin C (OTC) is a derivative of ochratoxin, a type of fungal toxin, and belongs to the ethyl ester derivative of Ochratoxin A. Ochratoxin is mainly produced by Penicillium and Aspergillus genera^[1].

In vitro, in THP-1 cells, exposure to Ochratoxin C (1ng/mL) for 15 days increased mitochondrial activity and IL-6 production, while impairing membrane integrity and inhibiting cell proliferation together with TNF-α and IL-8 production^[2]. Treatment of PBMCs with Ochratoxin C (0.46-3000ng/mL) for 4-72h inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner with an IC₅₀ of 300ng/mL, and significantly reduced intracellular free radical and TNF-α production at concentrations of 1-10ng/mL^[3]. Ochratoxin C exhibited an LC₅₀ of 0.009mM in HeLa cells^[4].

In vivo, Ochratoxin C was lethal to 6-month-old Mt. Shasta strain rainbow trout following intraperitoneal administration, with an LD₅₀ of 3mg/kg after a 10-day observation period^[5].

References:
[1] Ringot D, Chango A, Schneider YJ, Larondelle Y. Toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics of ochratoxin A, an update. Chem Biol Interact. 2006;159(1):18-46.
[2] Köhler H, Heller M, Erler W, Müller G. Effects of a long-term exposure with OTA or OTC on functions of a human monocytic cell line. Mycotoxin Res. 2003;19(2):108-112.
[3]Köhler H, Heller M, Erler W, Müller G, Rosner H, Gräfe U. Effect of ochratoxin A and ochratoxin C on the monocyte and lymphocyte function. Mycotoxin Res. 2002;18 Suppl 2:169-172.
[4] Xiao H, Madhyastha S, Marquardt RR, et al. Toxicity of ochratoxin A, its opened lactone form and several of its analogs: structure-activity relationships. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1996;137(2):182-192.
[5] Doster RC, Sinnhuber RO, Pawlowski NE. Acute intraperitoneal toxicity of ochratoxin A and B derivatives in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Food Cosmet Toxicol. 1974;12:499-505.

Ochratoxin C（OTC）是赭曲霉毒素的衍生物，是一种真菌毒素，属于Ochratoxin A的乙酯衍生物。赭曲霉毒素主要由青霉属和曲霉属产生^[1]。

体外实验中，在THP-1细胞中，以1ng/mL的Ochratoxin C处理15天可增加线粒体活性和IL-6的产生，同时损伤细胞膜完整性，并抑制细胞增殖以及TNF-α和IL-8的产生^[2]。以0.46-3000ng/mL 的Ochratoxin C处理PBMC细胞4-72小时，可剂量依赖性地抑制细胞增殖，其IC₅₀值为300ng/mL；同时在1-10ng/mL的浓度下显著抑制胞内自由基和TNF-α的产生^[3]。Ochratoxin C对HeLa细胞的LC₅₀值为0.009mM^[4]。

体内实验中，腹腔注射Ochratoxin C后，6月龄的Mt. Shasta品系虹鳟鱼在10天观察期内出现致死性，其LD₅₀为3mg/kg^[5]。