Neuropeptide W-23 (human), the active form of Neuropeptide W with a 23-amino acid peptide, is an endogenous ligand for GPR7 and GPR8 [1]. Neuropeptide W-23 can stimulate the release of prolactin and alter the release of growth hormone and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) [2]. Neuropeptide W-23 has been widely used to regulate the mean arterial pressure of awake rats and to control the feeding behavior of animals[3].
In vitro, Neuropeptide W-23 (400ng/ml) treatment for 24 hours significantly promoted the proliferation of ATDC5 cells and increased the phosphorylation levels of protein kinase A (PKA), PKCδ, p38, and ERK1/2 [4]. Treatment with 100nM Neuropeptide W-23 for 2 hours significantly inhibited the secretion and expression of leptin in rat adipocytes, and stimulated lipolysis [5].
In vivo, Neuropeptide W-23 treatment via continuous intraventricular injection at a dose of 3nmol (dissolved in 10μl 0.9% saline) daily for 1 week significantly reduced the food intake and body weight of Wistar rats, and increased body temperature and promoted heat production[6]. A single intrathecal injection of 10μg dose of Neuropeptide W-23 significantly reduced the mechanical allodynia in rats within 90 minutes[7].
References:
[1] Ji L, Zhu H, Chen H, et al. Modulation of CaV1. 2 calcium channel by neuropeptide W regulates vascular myogenic tone via G protein-coupled receptor 7[J]. Journal of hypertension, 2015, 33(12): 2431-2442.
[2] Takenoya F, Kageyama H, Hirako S, et al. Neuropeptide w[J]. Frontiers in endocrinology, 2012, 3: 171.
[3] Pate A T, Yosten G L C, Samson W K. Neuropeptide W increases mean arterial pressure as a result of behavioral arousal[J]. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 2013, 305(7): R804-R810.
[4] Wang R K, Zheng C, Jiang W, et al. Neuropeptide W regulates proliferation and differentiation of ATDC5: Possible involvement of GPR7 activation, PKA and PKC‐dependent signalling cascades[J]. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 2019, 23(3): 2093-2102.
[5] Skrzypski M, Pruszyńska-Oszmałek E, Ruciński M, et al. Neuropeptide B and W regulate leptin and resistin secretion, and stimulate lipolysis in isolated rat adipocytes[J]. Regulatory Peptides, 2012, 176(1-3): 51-56.
[6] Naso T, Shousha S, El‐Kirdasy A. Central neuropeptide W has anorexigenic effect in rats[J]. Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition, 2014, 98(2): 228-234.
[7] Yamamoto T, Saito O, Shono K, et al. Effects of intrathecal and icv administration of neuropeptide W-23 and neuropeptide B on the mechanical allodynia induced by partial sciatic nerve ligation in rats[J]. Neuroscience, 2006, 137(1): 265-273.
Neuropeptide W-23 (human)是Neuropeptide W的活性形式，由23个氨基酸组成，是GPR7和GPR8的内源性配体[1]。Neuropeptide W-23可刺激催乳素释放，改变生长激素和促肾上腺皮质激素的释放[2]。Neuropeptide W-23已被广泛用于调节清醒大鼠的平均动脉压以及控制动物的摄食行为[3]。
在体外，400ng/ml的Neuropeptide W-23处理ATDC5细胞24小时，显著促进了细胞增殖，并增加了protein kinase A (PKA)、PKCδ、p38和ERK1/2的磷酸化水平[4]。100nM的Neuropeptide W-23处理大鼠脂肪细胞2小时，显著抑制了瘦素的分泌和表达，并刺激了脂肪分解[5]。
在体内，每日持续脑室内注射3nmol（溶于10µl 0.9%生理盐水）的Neuropeptide W-23，持续1周，显著减少了Wistar大鼠的食物摄入和体重，并增加了体温，促进了产热[6]。单次鞘内注射10µg剂量的Neuropeptide W-23，在90分钟内显著减轻了大鼠的机械性痛觉超敏[7]。