Gramicidin A is a linear pentapeptide antibiotic produced by B. brevis. Gramicidin A is a highly hydrophobic channel-forming ion carrier that increases the permeability of bacterial cell membranes, allowing inorganic monovalent cations to pass through unrestrictedly [1]. Gramicidin A can induce the degradation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) in HEK293 cells [2]. Gramicidin A is usually used in the study of phospholipid adsorption at the air-water interface [3].
References:
[1] Takada Y, et al. Discovery of gramicidin A analogues with altered activities by multidimensional screening of a one-bead-one-compound library. Nat Commun. 2020 Oct 1;11(1):4935.
[2] David JM, et al. Gramicidin A induces metabolic dysfunction and energy depletion leading to cell death in renal cell carcinoma cells. Mol Cancer Ther. 2013 Nov;12(11):2296-307.
[3] McAllister A, Sumitomo K, Shinozaki Y, et al. 3P237 Functional analysis of gramicidin A ion channels in giant unilamellar vesicles and micro-wells (Biol & Artifi memb.: Excitation & Channels, The 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society of Japan)[J]. Seibutsu Butsuri, 2010, 50(supplement2): S187. [4]
Gramicidin A是一种由B.brevis产生的线性五肽抗生素。Gramicidin A是一种高度疏水的通道形成离子载体，增加了细菌细胞膜的通透性，使无机一价阳离子能够不受限制地通过 [1]。Gramicidin A可诱导HEK293细胞中缺氧诱导因子1α（HIF-1α）的降解 [2]。Gramicidin A通常被用于空气-水界面期间磷脂吸附的研究 [3]。