Esculin is a coumarin that has been found in A. hippocastanum and has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.1,2 It reduces the size of gastric ulcers and decreases increases in the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and catalase in a mouse model of ethanol-induced ulcers when used at a dose of 25 mg/kg.1 Esculin (20 mg/kg) decreases LPS-induced increases in the levels of TLR4, MyD88, IRAK4, and phosphorylated NF-?B in the lung, as well as levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in a mouse model of acute lung injury.2
1.Rios, E.R., Rocha, N.F., Ven?ncio, E.T., et al.Mechanisms involved in the gastroprotective activity of esculin on acute gastric lesions in miceChem. Biol. Interact.188(1)246-254(2010) 2.Tianzhu, Z., and Shumin, W.Esculin inhibits the inflammation of LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice via regulation of TLR/NF-κB pathwaysInflammation38(4)1529-1536(2015)