Nepodin is a naphthol that has been found in Rumex and has diverse biological activities.1,2,3,4 It inhibits COX-1 and COX-2 in vitro (IC50s = 27.43 and 32.28 μM, respectively).1 Nepodin inhibits C. albicans and S. aureus biofilm formation in a concentration-dependent manner when used at concentrations ranging from 1 to 10 μM.2 It is active against chloroquine-sensitive and -resistant P. falciparum strains (IC50s = 0.74 and 0.79 μg/ml for strains 3D7 and S20, respectively).3 Nepodin (250 mg/kg) suppresses parasitemia and increases survival time in a mouse model of P. berghei infection. It also increases skeletal muscle phosphorylation of AMPK, reduces serum and hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol levels, and improves insulin resistance in db/db diabetic mice.4
1.Grover, J., Kumar, V., Singh, V., et al.Synthesis, biological evaluation, molecular docking and theoretical evaluation of ADMET properties of nepodin and chrysophanol derivatives as potential cyclooxygenase (COX-1, COX-2) inhibitorsEur. J. Med. Chem.8047-56(2014) 2.Lee, J.H., Kim, Y.G., Khadke, S.K., et al.Inhibition of biofilm formation by Candida albicans and polymicrobial microorganisms by nepodin via hyphal-growth suppressionACS Infect. Dis.5(7)1177-1187(2019) 3.Lee, K.H., and Rhee, K.H.Antimalarial activity of nepodin isolated from Rumex crispusArch. Pharm. Res.36(4)430-435(2013) 4.Ha, B.G., Yonezawa, T., Son, M.J., et al.Antidiabetic effect of nepodin, a component of Rumex roots, and its modes of action in vitro and in vivoBiofactors40(4)436-447(2014)