Synephrine (Oxedrine), a natural protoalkaloid in the extract of bitter orange and other citrus species, is commonly used for weight loss.
Synephrine is a compound commonly used for weight loss. Synephrine has gained significant popularity as an alternative to ephedrine. Products containing bitter orange or synephrine are suspected of causing adverse cardiovascular reactions. [1] [2] Synephrine can stimulate glucose consumption (Glut4-dependent glucose uptake) by stimulating AMPK activity, regardless of insulin-stimulated PI3 kinase-Akt activity in L6 skeletal muscle cells. [3]
LD50: Mice >1000mg/kg (s.c.) [4]
[1] Stohs SJ, et al. Int J Med Sci, 2012, 9(7), 527-538. [2] Haaz S, et al. Obes Rev, 2006, 7(1), 79-88. [3] Hong NY, et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2012, 418(4), 720-724.