Hyaluronidase degrades hyaluronic acid through the cleavage of glycosidic bonds. Initially discovered in bacteria, this enzyme is known to be widely distributed in nature and has been found in various species, including insects, snakes, fish, and mammals. In humans, six different hyaluronidases have been identified, namely HYAL 1-4, HYAL-P1, and PH-20. PH-20 exhibits the strongest biological activity, with high concentrations found in the testes and localization on the head and acrosome of human sperm. Currently, hyaluronidases sourced from animal testes, such as bovine or ovine, as well as synthetic hyaluronidases, are applied clinically as adjuncts for increasing drug bioavailability, treating extravasation, or managing complications associated with cosmetic injections using hyaluronic acid-based fillers[1].
References:
[1] Buhren B A , Schrumpf H , Hoff N P ,et al. Hyaluronidase: from clinical applications to molecular and cellular mechanisms[J].European Journal of Medical Research, 2016, 21(1).DOI:10.1186/s40001-016-0201-5.
透明质酸酶（Hyaluronidase）通过糖苷键的裂解来解聚透明质酸。透明质酸酶最初在细菌中发现，已知其广泛分布于自然界中，并且已在许多种类中发现，包括昆虫、蛇、鱼和哺乳动物。在人类中，已经鉴定了六种不同的透明质酸酶，HYAL 1-4、HYAL-P1和PH-20。PH-20具有最强的生物活性，在睾丸中发现高浓度，并可定位于人类精子的头部和顶体。如今，动物来源的牛或绵羊睾丸透明质酸酶以及合成透明质酸酶在临床上被应用为用于增加药物生物利用度、用于治疗外渗或用于管理与基于透明质酸的填充剂的美容注射相关的并发症的辅助剂[1]。