Buparvaquone

Cell experiment:

To study whether pretreatment of host cells prior to invasion had any effect on parasite proliferation, confluent HFF grown in 6-well plates are treated with 1 µM buparvaquone in medium for 1 h or 5 h, and controls are exposed to the corresponding amounts of DMSO. Subsequently, the drug-containing medium is removed and monolayers are ished 4 times with Hank's Balanced Salt Solution, and are infected with Nc-Liv tachyzoites in 5 mL medium without any drug or solvent. After 2 days, cells are collected with a cell scraper, centrifuged, ished once more in PBS, and the pellet is stored at −20 °C prior to quantification of N. caninum proliferation by N. caninum-specific real time PCR as outlined below[1].

Animal experiment:

Mice: On day 0, all mice are infected by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of freshly purified N. caninum tachyzoites. After 48 h, mice receive BPQ (100 mg/kg) as suspension in corn oil either by i.p. injection of a volume of 100 µl or by oral application of 100 µl by gavage. The control groups obtained the corresponding amount of the solvent only, either i.p. or orally (see Table 2). The treatments are performed 5 times on a daily basis. If not indicated otherwise, mice are inspected twice daily for clinical signs (ruffled coat, apathy, hind limb paralysis) until day 21 post infection (p.i.), at which time they are euthanized[1].

References:

[1]. Müller J, et al. Buparvaquone is active against Neospora caninum in vitro and in experimentally infected mice. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist. 2015 Feb 13;5(1):16-25.
[2]. Reim o JQ, et al. Effectiveness of liposomal buparvaquone in an experimental hamster model of Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi. Exp Parasitol. 2012 Mar;130(3):195-9.
[3]. Garnier T, et al. In vivo studies on the antileishmanial activity of buparvaquone and its prodrugs. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2007 Oct;60(4):802-10.