FSLLRY-NH2 is an antagonist of the protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR-2) [1]. FSLLRY-NH2 inhibits receptor activation by binding to the external loop 2 (ECL-2) region of PAR-2, thereby blocking protease-induced signal transduction [2]. FSLLRY-NH2 applications in research on inflammation, pruritus, and immune responses [3-4].
In HepG2 cells, FSLLRY-NH2 (100-300μM; 24h) reduces the level of the pro-inflammatory genes IL-8, IL-1b, and TNF-α induced by H2O2, through the SAPK/JNK pathways [5]. In A549 cells, FSLLRY-NH2 (100μM; 24h) inhibits PAR2 expression in cells [6].
In asphyxial cardiac arrest (ACA)-induced rat model, FSLLRY-NH2 (50µg; nas; single administration) treatment significantly improved neurological outcomes and reduced the number of degenerating hippocampal neurons after ACA [7]. In Ren-TG mice, FSLLRY-NH2 (10μg/kg; sc; 4 weeks) treatment attenuated the increase in total cardiac mRNA expression of PAR-2, β-MHC, COL3A1, and TGF-β1 [8].
References:
[1]. Ocasio-Rivera M, Marin-Maldonado F, Trossi-Torres G, et al. Targeting of protease activator receptor-2 (PAR-2) antagonist FSLLRY-NH2 as an asthma adjuvant therapy[J]. Medicine, 2020, 99(43): e22351.
[2]. Hughes K H. Effects of chronic subcutaneous adminstered proteinase-activated receptor 2-activating peptide on vascular reactivity of aortas and blood pressures in mice[D]. Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2011.
[3]. Tsagareli M G, Follansbee T, Iodi Carstens M, et al. Targeting transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, Mas-related G-protein-coupled receptors (Mrgprs), and protease-activated receptors (PARs) to relieve itch[J]. Pharmaceuticals, 2023, 16(12): 1707.
[4]. Weng H J, Pham Q T T, Chang C W, et al. Druggable Targets and Compounds with Both Antinociceptive and Antipruritic Effects[J]. Pharmaceuticals, 2022, 15(7): 892.
[5]. Lee Y J, Kim S J, Kwon K W, et al. Inhibitory effect of FSLLRY-NH2 on inflammatory responses induced by hydrogen peroxide in HepG2 cells[J]. Archives of Pharmacal Research, 2017, 40(7): 854-863.
[6]. Wang B, Wu M D, Lan Y J, et al. PAR2 promotes malignancy in lung adenocarcinoma[J]. American Journal of Translational Research, 2024, 16(12): 7416.
[7]. Ocak U, Ocak P E, Huang L, et al. FSLLRY-NH2 improves neurological outcome after cardiac arrest in rats[J]. Turk Neurosurg, 2020, 30(2): 244-251.
[8]. Narita M, Hanada K, Yokono Y, et al. P938 A direct factor Xa inhibitor, rivaroxaban, attenuates cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in renin-overexpressing hypertensive mice[J]. European Heart Journal, 2018, 39(suppl_1): ehy564. P938.
FSLLRY-NH2是蛋白酶激活受体2(PAR-2)的拮抗剂 [1]。FSLLRY-NH2通过结合PAR-2的外环2(ECL-2)区域抑制受体活化,从而阻断蛋白酶诱导的信号转导 [2]。FSLLRY-NH2应用于炎症、瘙痒和免疫反应的研究 [3-4]。
在HepG2细胞中,FSLLRY-NH2(100-300μM;24h)通过SAPK/JNK通路降低H2O2诱导的促炎基因IL-8、IL-1β和TNF-α的水平 [5]。在A549细胞中,FSLLRY-NH2(100μM;24h)抑制细胞中PAR2的表达 [6]。
在窒息性心脏骤停(ACA)诱发的大鼠模型中,FSLLRY-NH2(50µg;鼻腔给药;单次给药)治疗显著改善了神经系统预后,并减少了ACA后退化的海马神经元数量 [7]。在Ren-TG小鼠中,FSLLRY-NH2(10μg/kg;sc;4周)治疗减弱了PAR-2、β-MHC、COL3A1和 TGF-β1等心脏总mRNA表达的增加 [8]。
















