Dorsomorphin (Compound C) 2HCl

AMPK partial purification and in vitro kinase assay

Liver AMPK is partially purified from male SD rats to the blue-Sepharose step. The 100-μl reaction mixture contains 100 μM AMP, 100 μM ATP (0.5 μCi 33P-ATP per reaction), and 50 μM SAMS in a buffer (40 mM HEPES, pH 7.0, 80 mM NaCl, 0.8 mM EDTA, 5 mM MgCl2, 0.025% BSA, and 0.8 mM DTT). The reaction is initiated with addition of the enzyme. After 30-minute incubation at 30°C, the reaction is stopped by addition of 80 μl 1% H3PO4. Aliquots (100 μl) are transferred to 96-well MultiScreen plates. The plate is washed three times with 1% H3PO4 followed by detection in a Top-count. The in vitro AMPK inhibition data obtained with compound C — (6-[4-(2-Piperidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-phenyl)]-3-pyridin-4-yl-pyyrazolo[1,5-a] pyrimidine — are fit to the following equation for competitive inhibition by nonlinear regression using a least-squares Marquardt algorithm in a computer program written by N. Thornberry of Merck Research Laboratories: Vi/Vo = (Km + S)/[S + Km × (1 + I/Ki)], where Vi is the inhibited velocity, Vo is the initial velocity, S is the substrate (ATP) concentration, Km is the Michaelis constant for ATP, I is the inhibitor (compound C) concentration, and Ki is the dissociation constant for compound C.

Cell lines

mouse pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), Hep3B cells

Preparation method

The solubility of this compound in DMSO is limited. General tips for obtaining a higher concentration: Please warm the tube at 37℃ for 10 minutes and/or shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while. Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months.

Reacting condition

0.1-20 μM for 30 min

Applications

Dorsomorphin (4 μM) inhibited osteogenic differentiation in C2C12 cells and suppressed BMP-mediated SMAD activation by blocking BMP type I receptor function. Moreover, treatment with dorsomorphin (1 μM) blocked BMP- and HJV-mediated hepcidin expression in cultured hepatoma-derived cells.

Animal models

Zebrafish embryos model; Wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 adult mice model

Dosage form

10 mM dorsomorphin for 30 h; or 10 mg/ kg, intraperitoneal injection

Applications

Dorsomorphin induced dorsalization in zebrafish embryos model. Moreover, Dorsomorphin inhibited bone mineralization in vivo. Additionally, Dorsomorphin (10 mg/ kg) induced hyperferremia in mice.

Other notes

Please test the solubility of all compounds indoor, and the actual solubility may slightly differ with the theoretical value. This is caused by an experimental system error and it is normal.

References:

1. Zhou, G., Myers, R., Li, Y., Chen, Y., Shen, X., Fenyk-Melody, J., Wu, M., Ventre, J., Doebber, T., Fujii, N., Musi, N., Hirshman, M. F., Goodyear, L. J. and Moller, D. E. (2001) Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action. J Clin Invest. 108, 1167-1174

2. Yu, P. B., Hong, C. C., Sachidanandan, C., Babitt, J. L., Deng, D. Y., Hoyng, S. A., Lin, H. Y., Bloch, K. D. and Peterson, R. T. (2008) Dorsomorphin inhibits BMP signals required for embryogenesis and iron metabolism. Nat Chem Biol. 4, 33-41