Cytochalasin E, an epoxide containing Aspergillus-derived fungal metabolite, inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth. Cytochalasin E is a potent actin depolymerization agent, and it binds and caps the barbed end of actin filaments to prevent actin elongation[1][2].
Cytochalasin E prominently inhibits the growth of A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner[3].Cytochalasin E could induce the up-regulation of autophagy-related protein (LC3-II) and SQSTM1/p62[3].
References:
[1]. Udagawa T, et al. Cytochalasin E, an epoxide containing Aspergillus-derived fungal metabolite, inhibits angiogenesisand tumor growth. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2000 Aug;294(2):421-7.
[2]. Lu QY, et al. Green tea extract modulates actin remodeling via Rho activity in an in vitro multistep carcinogenicmodel. Clin Cancer Res. 2005 Feb 15;11(4):1675-83.
[3]. Takanezawa Y, et al. Variation in the activity of distinct cytochalasins as autophagy inhibitiors in human lung A549 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2017 Dec 16;494(3-4):641-647.