Chondroitin sulfate (from bovine) is a natural polysaccharide extracted from bovine cartilage [1]. Chondroitin sulfate promotes the repair and regeneration of the cartilage matrix, inhibits the activity of cartilage-degrading enzymes, reduces inflammation, and enhances the lubrication of synovial fluid, thereby slowing the degeneration of articular cartilage [2-3]. Chondroitin sulfate is primarily used to treat osteoarthritis [4].
In human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), Chondroitin sulfate (1μg/mL-1mg/mL; 10d) continuously inhibits osteoclast activity at concentrations as low as 1μg/mL [5]. In rabbit palatal fibroblasts, Treatment with Chondroitin sulfate (0-1000ng/mL; 8h) resulted in a dose-dependent increase in cell adhesion and cell proliferation [6].
In chlorhexidine gluconate (CG)-induced peritoneal fibrosis mice model, Chondroitin sulfate (500mg/kg; po; 21d) prevents peritoneal fibrosis in mice by suppressing NF-κB activation [7]. In BALB/c mice, Chondroitin sulfate (400mg/kg; po; 4 weeks) upregulates the differentiation of regulatory T cells, thereby downregulating Th2 responses, inhibiting the production of specific IgE and antigen-induced allergic reactions [8].
References:
[1]. Lamari F N, Karamanos N K. Structure of chondroitin sulfate[J]. Advances in pharmacology, 2006, 53: 33-48.
[2]. Ronca F, Palmieri L, Panicucci P, et al. Anti-inflammatory activity of chondroitin sulfate[J]. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 1998, 6: 14-21.
[3]. Iovu M, Dumais G, Du Souich P. Anti-inflammatory activity of chondroitin sulfate[J]. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 2008, 16: S14-S18.
[4]. Henrotin Y, Mathy M, Sanchez C, et al. Chondroitin sulfate in the treatment of osteoarthritis: from in vitro studies to clinical recommendations[J]. Therapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease, 2010, 2(6): 335-348.
[5]. Cantley M D, Rainsford K D, Haynes D R. Comparison of the ability of chondroitin sulfate derived from bovine, fish and pigs to suppress human osteoclast activity in vitro[J]. Inflammopharmacology, 2013, 21(6): 407-412.
[6]. Zou X H, Foong W C, Cao T, et al. Chondroitin sulfate in palatal wound healing[J]. Journal of dental research, 2004, 83(11): 880-885.
[7]. Abe S, Obata Y, Oka S, et al. Chondroitin sulfate prevents peritoneal fibrosis in mice by suppressing NF-κB activation[J]. Medical Molecular Morphology, 2016, 49(3): 144-153.
[8]. Campo G M, Avenoso A, Campo S, et al. Chondroitin-4-sulphate inhibits NF-kB translocation and caspase activation in collagen-induced arthritis in mice[J]. Osteoarthritis and cartilage, 2008, 16(12): 1474-1483.
Chondroitin sulfate (from bovine)是从牛软骨中提取的天然多糖 [1]。Chondroitin sulfate能够促进软骨基质的修复和再生，抑制软骨降解酶的活性，减轻炎症，增强滑液的润滑作用，从而减缓关节软骨的退化 [2-3]。Chondroitin sulfate主要用于治疗骨关节炎 [4]。
在人外周血单核细胞（PBMC）中，Chondroitin sulfate（1μg/mL-1mg/mL；10d）在低至1μg/mL的浓度下即可持续抑制破骨细胞活性 [5]。在兔腭成纤维细胞中，Chondroitin sulfate（0-1000ng/mL；8h）治疗可导致细胞粘附和细胞增殖呈剂量依赖性增加 [6]。
在葡萄糖酸氯己定（CG）诱导的腹膜纤维化小鼠模型中，Chondroitin sulfate（500mg/kg；po；21d）通过抑制NF-κB活化来预防小鼠腹膜纤维化 [7]。在BALB/c小鼠中，Chondroitin sulfate（400mg/kg；po；4 周）上调调节性T细胞的分化，从而下调Th2反应，抑制特异性IgE的产生和抗原诱导的过敏反应 [8]。