C22 Ceramide (d18:1/22:0) is a long-chain ceramide containing behenic acid isolated from the sea sponge Haliclona koremella and is an endogenous bioactive sphingolipid. C22 Ceramide (d18:1/22:0) is widely used to study lipid-mediated signal transduction mechanisms that affect cell homeostasis, apoptosis, and differentiation[1][2]. C22 Ceramide (d18:1/22:0) can also be used as a standard for measuring ceramide concentration in samples by high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS2) and as a standard for the quantification of sphingolipid metabolites[3][4].
C22 Ceramide (d18:1/22:0) (40nmol; 15min) reduces the propensity of C16-ceramide channel formation in isolated rat liver mitochondria and in liposomes[1]. C22 ceramide (d18:1/22:0) can inhibit the mitochondrial to cytoplasmic stress response induced by hsp-6 RNAi[2]. C22 Ceramide (d18:1/22:0) (0.2µM; 48h) activated miR-199a-3p and inhibited mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR) level, thus activating the mTOR-ULK1 signaling pathway by promoting the expression of unc-51-like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Beclin-1, autophagy-related gene 5 (ATG5), and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3-II) and degrading p62[5].
References:
[1]. Stiban J, Perera M. Very long chain ceramides interfere with C16-ceramide-induced channel formation: A plausible mechanism for regulating the initiation of intrinsic apoptosis[J]. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Biomembranes, 2015, 1848(2): 561-567.
[2]. Kim H E, Grant A R, Simic M S, et al. Lipid biosynthesis coordinates a mitochondrial-to-cytosolic stress response[J]. Cell, 2016, 166(6): 1539-1552. e16.
[3]. Kauhanen D, Sysi-Aho M, Koistinen K M, et al. Development and validation of a high-throughput LC–MS/MS assay for routine measurement of molecular ceramides[J]. Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, 2016, 408: 3475-3483.
[4]. Aslan M, Afşar E, Kırımlıoglu E, et al. Antiproliferative effects of thymoquinone in MCF-7 breast and HepG2 liver cancer cells: possible role of ceramide and ER stress[J]. Nutrition and Cancer, 2021, 73(3): 460-472.
[5]. Wan J, Zhang S, Li G, et al. Ceramide Ehux-C22 Targets the miR-199a-3p/mTOR Signaling Pathway to Regulate Melanosomal Autophagy in Mouse B16 Cells[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2024, 25(15): 8061.
C22 Ceramide (d18:1/22:0)是一种从海绵Haliclona koremella中分离的含有山萮酸的长链神经酰胺，是一种内源性生物活性鞘脂。C22 Ceramide (d18:1/22:0)广泛用于细胞稳态、凋亡和分化的脂质介导信号转导机制的研究[1][2]。C22 Ceramide (d18:1/22:0)还可以用作高效液相色谱/串联质谱(LC/MS2)测量样品中神经酰胺浓度的标准品，以及定量鞘脂代谢物的标准品[3][4]。
C22 Ceramide (d18:1/22:0)（40nmol；15min）降低了分离的大鼠肝线粒体和脂质体中C16-神经酰胺通道的形成[1]。C22 Ceramide (d18:1/22:0)能够抑制hsp-6 RNAi诱导的线粒体到细胞质的应激反应[2]。C22 Ceramide (d18:1/22:0)（0.2µM; 48h）激活miR-199a-3p并抑制哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白（mTOR）水平，从而通过促进unc-51样自噬激活激酶1（ULK1）、B细胞淋巴瘤-2（Bcl-2）、Beclin-1、自噬相关基因5（ATG5）和微管相关蛋白轻链3（LC3-II）的表达并降解p62来激活mTOR-ULK1信号通路[5]。