Bikinin is a non-steroidal, ATP-competitive inhibitor of plant GSK-3 (glycogen synthase kinase 3)/Shaggy-like kinases. Bikinin can be used for research on plant growth and development, hormone signal transduction, and abiotic stress response mechanism[1-4].
In vitro, barley (Golden Promise and Haruna Nijo cultivars) was treated with Bikinin (10–100μM) for 0–5 days under salt stress conditions, followed by continuous stimulation with 150mM sodium chloride (NaCl) until the BBCH20 growth stage. Bikinin significantly reduced the abundance of phosphorylated HvBZR1 protein (inhibiting its phosphorylation level), while upregulating the expression of genes related to the BR signaling pathway and alleviating salt stress-induced damage to plant cells[5]. Bikinin (25–50μM) was administered to pretreat wild-type Marchantia polymorpha (Tak-1 cultivar) plants for 0–5 days, followed by normal cultivation for 5–10 days. Bikinin significantly promoted cell proliferation activity in the apical meristematic region, expanded the boundaries of this region, and simultaneously inhibited subsequent cell differentiation, leading to the loss of the typical dorsoventral structure and the accumulation of undifferentiated cell masses[6].
References:
[1] Deng XG, Zhu T, Peng XJ, et al. Role of brassinosteroid signaling in modulating Tobacco mosaic virus resistance in Nicotiana benthamiana. Sci Rep. 2016 Feb 3;6:20579.
[2] Rozhon W, Wang W, Berthiller F, et al. Bikinin-like inhibitors targeting GSK3/Shaggy-like kinases: characterisation of novel compounds and elucidation of their catabolism in planta. BMC Plant Biol. 2014 Jun 19;14:172.
[3] De Rybel B, Audenaert D, Vert G, et al. Chemical inhibition of a subset of Arabidopsis thaliana GSK3-like kinases activates brassinosteroid signaling. Chem Biol. 2009 Jun 26;16(6):594-604.
[4] Lu Q, Houbaert A, Ma Q, et al. Adenosine monophosphate deaminase modulates BIN2 activity through hydrogen peroxide-induced oligomerization. Plant Cell. 2022 Sep 27;34(10):3844-3859.
[5] Groszyk J, Przyborowski M. Inhibition of the Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Family by the Bikinin Alleviates the Long-Term Effects of Salinity in Barley. Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Oct 1;23(19):11644.
[6] Furuya T, Nishihama R, Ishizaki K, et al. A glycogen synthase kinase 3-like kinase MpGSK regulates cell differentiation in Marchantia polymorpha. Plant Biotechnol (Tokyo). 2022 Mar 25;39(1):65-72.
Bikinin是一种具有ATP竞争性的非甾体类植物GSK-3（糖原合酶激酶3）/Shaggy-like激酶抑制剂。Bikinin可用于植物生长发育、激素信号转导及非生物胁迫响应机制的相关研究[1-4]。
在体外，Bikinin（10–100μM）处理大麦（Golden Promise及Haruna Nijo品系）0–5天（盐胁迫条件下），随后以150mM氯化钠（NaCl）持续刺激至BBCH20生长阶段。Bikinin显著降低了磷酸化HvBZR1蛋白的丰度（抑制其磷酸化水平），同时上调了BR信号通路相关基因的表达并缓解了盐胁迫对植物细胞的损伤[5]。Bikinin（25–50μM）预处理野生型Marchantia polymorpha（Tak-1品系）植株0–5天，随后正常培养5–10天。Bikinin显著促进了顶端分生组织区域（meristematic region）的细胞增殖活性并扩大了该区域的边界，同时抑制了细胞的后续分化进程，导致植株丧失典型的背腹结构并积累未分化细胞团（undifferentiated cell mass）[6]。