Benzyl butyl phthalate, a member of phthalic acid esters (PAEs), can trigger the migration and invasion of hemangioma (HA) cells via upregulation of Zeb1. Benzyl butyl phthalate activates aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in breast cancer cells to stimulate SPHK1/S1P/S1PR3 signaling and enhances formation of metastasis-initiating breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs)[1][2][3].
Benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) is commonly added during the manufacturing of plastics to increase flexibility and elasticity[1].Benzyl butyl phthalate induces histone modifications in S1PR3 in side population (SP) cells, but not in non-SP cells[3].
[1]. Sun G, et al. Developmental toxicity and cardiac effects of butyl benzyl phthalate in zebrafish embryos. Aquat Toxicol. 2017;192:165-170. [2]. Cui S, et al. Benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) triggers the migration and invasion of hemangioma cells via upregulation of Zeb1. Toxicol In Vitro. 2019;60:323-329. [3]. Wang YC, et al. Benzyl butyl phthalate promotes breast cancer stem cell expansion via SPHK1/S1P/S1PR3 signaling. Oncotarget. 2016;7(20):29563-29576.