4-hydroxy Nonenal mercapturic acid-d3 contains three deuterium atoms at the terminal methyl position. It is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of 4-HNE mercapturic acid by GC- or LC-mass spectrometry. Peroxidation of common ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as linoleic acid, DGLA, and arachidonic acid can give rise to 4-HNE. 4-HNE is cleared rapidly from the plasma and undergoes enterohepatic circulation as a glutathione conjugate in the rat.1 About two thirds of an administered dose of 4-HNE is excreted within 48 hours in the urine, primarily in the form of mercapturic acid conjugates.2 The C-1 aldehyde of 4-HNE is reduced to an alcohol in about half of these metabolites. The remainder are C-1 aldehydes or have been oxidized to C-1 carboxylic acids. These aldehydes and carboxylic acids can also form γ-lactols and γ-lactones, respectively, producing at least four or five end urinary metabolites of 4-HNE in vivo.
1.Laurent, A., Alary, J., Debrauwer, L., et al.Analysis in the rat of 4-hydroxynonenal metabolites excreted in bile: Evidence of enterohepatic circulation of these byproducts of lipid peroxidationChemical Research in Toxicology12887-894(1999)
2.Alary, J., Bravais, F., Cravedi, J.P., et al.Mercapturic acid conjugates as urinary end metabolites of the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal in the ratChemical Research in Toxicology834-39(1995)
