XJB-5-131 is a mitochondria-targeted ROS and electron scavenger[1]. XJB-5-131 is a bi-functional antioxidant that comprises a radical scavenger. XJB-5-131 is a synthetic antioxidant that targets mitochondria[2]. XJB-5-131 is an effective ionizing irradiation protector and mitigator of cord blood mononuclear cells (CB MNCs)[3].
XJB-5-131 also ameliorates hemorrhagic shock (HS)-induced activation of the pro-apoptotic enzymes, caspases 3 and 7, in ileal mucosa[1].XJB-5-131 reduces apoptosis and enhances cell survival in mouse embryonic cells in vitro[2].XJB-5-131 is a radiation protector for colony-forming unit-granulocyte macrophage (CFU-GM). XJB-5-131 is an effective mitigator when added after irradiation[3].
XJB-5-131 ameliorates peroxidation of the mitochondrial phospholipid, cardiolipin, in ileal mucosal samples from rats subjected to hemorrhagic shock (HS) [1].Intravenous treatment with XJB-5-131 (2 μmol/kg) significantly prolongs the survival of rats subjected to profound blood loss (33.5 mL/kg) despite administration of only a minimal volume of crystalloid solution (2.8 mL/kg) and the absence of blood transfusion[1].XJB-5-131 reduces oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA, maintains mitochondrial DNA copy number, suppresses motor decline and weight loss, enhances neuronal survival, and improves mitochondrial function. XJB-5-131 significantly suppresses the disease phenotypes and improves mitochondrial function in a mouse model of Huntington's disease (HD) [2].XJB-5-131 (1 mg/kg; intraperitoneally injected; three times a week up to 57 weeks) suppresses decline of weight loss and motor function in a mouse model of HD[2].
[1]. Carlos A Macias, et al. Treatment with a novel hemigramicidin-TEMPO conjugate prolongs survival in a rat model of lethal hemorrhagic shock. Ann Surg. 2007 Feb;245(2):305-14.
[2]. Zhiyin Xun, et al. Targeting of XJB-5-131 to mitochondria suppresses oxidative DNA damage and motor decline in a mouse model of Huntington's disease. Cell Rep. 2012 Nov 29;2(5):1137-42.
[3]. Julie P Goff, et al. Evaluation of potential ionizing irradiation protectors and mitigators using clonogenic survival of human umbilical cord blood hematopoietic progenitor cells. Exp Hematol. 2013 Nov;41(11):957-66.