Tyramine is a tyrosine-derived endogenous and dietary monoamine and trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) agonist.1,2,3 It activates TAAR1 (EC50s = 0.08, 0.69, and 2.26 ?M for rat, mouse, and human-rat chimera receptors, respectively).1 Tyramine also inhibits the release of norepinephrine and dopamine in isolated rat caudate nucleus (IC50s = 40.6 and 119 nM, respectively).4
1.Reese, E.A., Bunzow, J.R., Arttamangkul, S., et al.Trace amine-associated receptor 1 displays species-dependent stereoselectivity for isomers of methamphetamine, amphetamine, and para-hydroxyamphetamineJ. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.321(1)178-186(2007) 2.Zucchi, R., Chiellini, G., Scanlan, T.S., et al.Trace amine-associated receptors and their ligandsBr. J. Pharmacol.149(8)967-978(2006) 3.Maguire, J.J., Parker, W.A.E., Foord, S.M., et al.International Union of Pharmacology. LXXII. Recommendations for trace amine receptor nomenclaturePharmacol. Rev.61(1)(2009) 4.Rothman, R.B., Baumann, M.H., Dersch, C.M., et al.Amphetamine-type central nervous system stimulants release norepinephrine more potently than they release dopamine and serotoninScience39(1)32-41(2001)