Trehalose is a natural non-reducing disaccharide found in plants, invertebrates, fungi, and bacteria.[1] [2] In addition to roles as an energy source and stress protectant, trehalose can function as a signaling molecule. [3][4] Trehalose 6-phosphate is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of trehalose. It is generated from UDP-glucose and glucose 6-phosphate by trehalose 6-phosphate synthase (TPS or otsA).[5] In plants, changes in trehalose 6-phosphate levels positively correlate with diurnal changes in sucrose and may regulate diverse processes, including starch degradation and flowering.[3][6]
海藻糖是一种天然的非还原性二糖，存在于植物、无脊椎动物、真菌和细菌中。[1] [2]除了作为能源和压力保护剂的作用外，海藻糖还可以作为信号分子发挥作用。 [3][4] 海藻糖 6-磷酸是海藻糖生物合成的中间体。它是由海藻糖 6-磷酸合酶（TPS 或 otsA）从 UDP-葡萄糖和葡萄糖 6-磷酸生成的。 [5]在植物中，海藻糖 6-磷酸水平的变化与蔗糖的昼夜变化呈正相关，并可能调节多种过程，包括淀粉降解和开花。[3][6]
Reference:
[1]. Walmagh, M., Zhao, R., and Desmet, T. Trehalose analogues: Latest insights in properties and biocatalytic production. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 16(6), 13729-13745 (2015).
[2]. Goddijn, O.J., Verwoerd, T.C., Voogd, E., et al. Inhibition of trehalase activity enhances trehalose accumulation in transgenic plants. Plant Physiology 113(1), 181-190 (1997).
[3]. Lunn, J.E., Delorge, I., Figueroa, C.M., et al. Trehalose metabolism in plants. Plant Journal 79(4), 544-567 (2014).
[4]. Henry, C., Bledsoe, S.W., Siekman, A., et al. The trehalose pathway in maize: Conservation and gene regulation in response to the diurnal cycle and extended darkness. Journal of Experimental Botany 65(20), 5959-5973 (2014).
[5]. Padilla, L., Krämer, R., Stephanopoulos, G., et al. Overproduction of trehalose: Heterologous expression of Escherichia coli trehalose-6-phosphate synthase and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70(1), 370-376 (2004).
[6]. Wahl, V., Ponnu, J., Schlereth, A., et al. Regulation of flowering by trehalose-6-phosphate signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana. Science 339(6120), 704-707 (2013).