Sitostanol is a metabolite of the common plant sterol sitosterol that can decrease micellar solubility of cholesterol [1]. Sitostanol can reduce intestinal absorption of cholesterol and positively affect cholesterol metabolism in intestinal epithelial cells [2]. Sitostanol can be used as a model compound to develop GC-MS methods for characterizing and quantifying the oxidation products of Sitostanol [3].
In vitro, Sitostanol (1.2µM) treatment of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from asthma patients for 48 hours increased the number of Treg cells and promoted the secretion of IL-17 and IL-10[4]. Treatment with Sitostanol (1.2µM) for 24h significantly reduced maximal respiration in hepG2 cells at low glucose concentrations[5].
In vivo, Sitostanol treatment via oral administration at a dose of 0.64g/day for 10 weeks significantly reduced plasma cholesterol levels and inhibited the development of atherosclerosis in rabbits[6]. Daily oral administration of Sitostanol (2.25g/100g) for 4 weeks significantly reduced plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations and altered hepatic cholesterol metabolism in guinea pigs[7].
References:
[1] Ikeda I, Tanabe Y, Sugano M. Effects of sitosterol and sitostanol on micellar solubility of cholesterol[J]. Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology, 1989, 35(4): 361-369.
[2] Plat J, Mensink R P. Plant stanol and sterol esters in the control of blood cholesterol levels: mechanism and safety aspects[J]. The American journal of cardiology, 2005, 96(1): 15-22.
[3] Soupas L, Juntunen L, Säynäjoki S, et al. GC‐MS method for characterization and quantification of sitostanol oxidation products[J]. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 2004, 81(2): 135-141.
[4] Brüll F, Mensink R P, Steinbusch M F, et al. Beneficial effects of sitostanol on the attenuated immune function in asthma patients: results of an in vitro approach[J]. 2012.
[5] Nascimento E B M, Konings M, Schaart G, et al. In vitro effects of sitosterol and sitostanol on mitochondrial respiration in human brown adipocytes, myotubes and hepatocytes[J]. European journal of nutrition, 2020, 59(5): 2039-2045.
[6] Ntanios F Y, Jones P J H, Frohlich J J. Dietary sitostanol reduces plaque formation but not lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase activity in rabbits[J]. Atherosclerosis, 1998, 138(1): 101-110.
[7] Ramjiganesh T, Roy S, McIntyre J C, et al. The hypocholesterolaemic effects of sitostanol in the guinea pig are in part related to changes in hepatic lipids and lipoprotein composition[J]. British journal of nutrition, 2001, 85(2): 165-172.
Sitostanol是常见植物甾醇sitosterol的一种代谢物，能降低胆固醇的胶束溶解度[1]。Sitostanol可减少肠道对胆固醇的吸收，并对肠上皮细胞的胆固醇代谢产生积极影响[2]。Sitostanol可作为模型化合物，用于开发GC-MS方法以表征和定量Sitostanol的氧化产物[3]。
在体外，使用1.2µM的Sitostanol处理哮喘患者的外周血单个核细胞（PBMCs）48小时，增加了调节性T细胞（Treg）的数量，并促进了IL-17和IL-10的分泌[4]。使用1.2µM的Sitostanol处理24小时，显著降低了低葡萄糖浓度下hepG2细胞的最大呼吸能力[5]。
在体内，每日口服给予0.64g剂量的Sitostanol，持续10周，显著降低了兔子的血浆胆固醇水平，并抑制了动脉粥样硬化的发展[6]。每日口服给予Sitostanol（2.25g/100g），持续4周，显著降低了豚鼠的血浆低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）浓度，并改变了其肝脏胆固醇代谢[7]。