Saroglitazar is a dual agonist of PPARα and PPARγ (EC50s = 0.65 and 3,000 pM, respectively, in a transactivation assay in HepG2 cells).1 It decreases serum triglyceride, free fatty acid, and glucose levels in a db/db mouse model of diabetes when administered at doses ranging from 0.01 to 3 mg/kg per day for 12 days. It increases insulin sensitivity in an oral glucose challenge when administered at a dose of 1 mg/kg in db/db mice, as well as decreases LDL levels in hApoB100/hCETP mice and in hamsters fed a high-fat high-cholesterol diet. Saroglitazar (10 ?M) reverses palmitic acid-induced decreases in the expression of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), SOD2, glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and catalase and increases in TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 expression in HepG2 cells.2 It decreases hepatic inflammation and steatosis in a mouse model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) induced by a choline-deficient high-fat diet when administered at a dose of 3 mg/kg and inhibits fibrosis in a mouse model of fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride.
1.Jain, M.R., Giri, S.R., Trivedi, C., et al.Saroglitazar, a novel PPARα/γ agonist with predominant PPARα activity, shows lipid-lowering and insulin-sensitizing effects in preclinical modelsPharmacol. Res. Perspect.3(3)e00136(2015) 2.Jain, M.R., Giri, S.R., Bhoi, B., et al.Dual PPARα/γ agonist saroglitazar improves liver histopathology and biochemistry in experimental NASH modelsLiver Int.38(6)1084-1094(2018)